A Pew Research Center study found that 1 in 4 homeowners plan to install solar panels in the next five years. If you’re one of these prospective solar energy system owners, you may have considered your home’s roof, and whether it would be a good fit for solar energy.

A suitable roof for solar panels is crucial to the photovoltaic system installation process, whether your roof needs to be reinforced or not. A solar panel roof load calculator can help you determine the size and weight of solar panels your roof can accommodate.

This article explains some of the core factors determining whether a roof can support a solar system and provide a formula to determine your roof load. This solar panel roof load calculator helps to establish the size and weight of the solar panels that your roof can support.

Factors to consider when installing solar panels on your roof

When installing a solar panel system, you must understand certain features of your roof and the solar panels you’re installing.

Solar panels differ in weight and length depending on the manufacturer, brand, and amount of energy output your home requires. Determining whether your rooftop can support the solar panels is essential before you begin the photovoltaic installation process.

It’s also important to note that your roof’s structure, material, and age will all affect your solar setup. With this knowledge, you’ll need to consider the weight and length of the solar panels you want to install.

Considering these variables, a solar panel roof load calculator can help you determine how much weight your roof can support. Let’s dive into more specifics on these factors.

1. The roofing structure

Most importantly, your roof’s structure must be able to withstand the weight and the size of your solar panel system. A roof structural analysis is essential before the solar panel installation process commences.

Solar panels and their required mounting equipment typically weigh around 3 to 4 pounds per square foot. This weight is usually acceptable for any roof type in good shape; however, solar panels using weighted ballasts on flat roofs typically weigh a bit more since concrete blocks hold the system in place.

Despite the kind of roofing you have, there are solutions for all types of roofs. These roof reinforcement methods can help ensure that your roof can withstand the weight of your solar panel system:

• Wood blocking – installing wood planks between roof rafters.
• Sistering – when matching wood planks are secured parallel to the original rafter.
• Building a knee wall – a permanent support in the attic of a house that is somewhat perpendicular to the ceiling.

The slope of your roof can also impact your panel’s solar energy output: the ideal angle for solar power generation is generally about 30 to 40 degrees. Roofs that are too steep may pose problems for solar installers.

Because the ideal roof angle is around 30 degrees, flat roofs may require extra racking equipment to tilt solar panels to the optimal angle. If the roof is flat, you can even install the panels and the racks without mounting them directly to your roof, with heavy concrete blocks to keep the panels in place.

Ultimately, solar panel contractors may be unable to confirm whether your roof is sound structure-wise. But you can always consult a professional photovoltaic contractor or a structural engineer who will help you determine if your rooftop can support solar panels.

2. The age of the roof

The age of your roofing structure is also essential to consider before installing solar panels. If your roof is almost at the end of its life, you may first install roof reinforcement or replace it before installing your solar system.

Generally, if your roof will need to be replaced in the next ten years or so, it’s recommended that you consider replacing it before investing in solar panels. This is because you may end up spending more money altering your roof later than if changes are made before installation since you will need to remove the PV system first.

How do you know if your roof will need to be replaced soon? The material your roof is made of can give you some idea.

In addition, most solar panels have a lifespan of around 25 years, and thus your roof must have the capacity to withstand that weight for those years.

3. The roofing material

The material of your roof also plays a role in how much weight it can hold. Different materials have different capacities for supporting solar panels. Let’s dive into the specifics of the best roof types for installing solar panels.

Asphalt 

Asphalt shingles are used on many houses and are one of the best roofing materials for solar panel installation.

Why? Because they are made from fiberglass or cellulose that is flexible, making the installation process straightforward.

Solar installers typically drill studs into the roof and attach mounts to the studs. The space between the panel and the studs is then sealed to prevent water from entering the home.

Metal

Whether you have a corrugated metal roof, a standing seam metal roof, or a roof with metal tiles, this material is suitable for installing solar panels. The long lifespan of metal roofs makes them a popular choice for homeowners – your solar panel system will likely not outlast your roof.

Metal roofs are also stronger than other materials and can support the weight of the solar array, panels, mounting racks, and other hardware associated with your solar panel system.

Depending on the layout of your roof, the installation process on metal roofs sometimes requires drilling into the roof, but often panels can be mounted without drilling. The proper sealing technique with metal roofs will prevent water from entering your home as well.

Tile

Tile roofs are growing in popularity in regions where high temperatures are frequent because they can actually keep homes cooler compared to other roofing materials, reflecting heat rather than absorbing it into the home.

In fact, tile roofing decreases the flow of heat into an attic of a house by as much as 70% compared to asphalt shingle roof tiles. Tiling is considered one of the most energy-efficient materials, even without solar panels.

If you want to install solar panels on your tiled roof, the process can be a bit more expensive. This is because installation usually requires removing the tiles, and the solar mounting equipment is installed directly onto your roof.

However, while the cost may be higher, these materials are ideal for solar installation because they last a long time, and are more durable than others. They are also more waterproof than other roofing materials because clay and concrete tile roofs lay on top of a waterproof membrane, or underlayment that keeps water out.

Will solar panels damage your roof?

If you’ve gone through the process of repairing or replacing your roof lately, you may be concerned about whether the solar panel installation process will damage your new roof in any way.

Luckily, if your installation is done correctly, solar panels won’t cause any damage to your roof! Though some installation methods require drilling holes directly into your roof, they are covered up by moisture-resistant sealant that prevents the structure of your roof and house from damage.

However, it’s important to note that solar panels can affect your roof’s warranty since most roofing companies don’t want anything installed on your roof because it can increase the risk of roof leaks. Finding the right solar installer to offer their warranty through a third-party roofing company is usually an excellent solution to this issue.

4. The weight of the solar panels

An important element of the solar panel roof load calculator is the weight of your solar panels. Their weight is a significant factor that can help determine whether a rooftop can handle a solar panel installation.

On average, according to solar experts, the mounting equipment and solar panels themselves weigh around 40 points for residential modules, ranging between 33-50 pounds depending on the manufacturer.

Here are some examples of residential solar panel weights from popular brands:

These weights are typically within the acceptable limits of any roof. The point loads are other considerations to take into account since installers often want to minimize the number of mounting locations for them to reduce the risk of leakages.

Most residential and commercial roofs are designed to handle at least 20 pounds per square foot of weight. Roofs with stronger materials can hold more: a clay tile or metal roof can hold a load of approximately 27 pounds per square foot.

In areas where snowfall is heavy, roofs are often built to withstand more weight per square foot. Of course, some older roofs or those that have sustained prior damage may not have the capacity or structural support for PV systems.

5. The length of the solar panels

You should generally opt for highly efficient, small solar panels to keep costs down while installing solar panels on your roof. The number of solar panels you require will depend on your roof size and energy demands and how much of that demand you want to be met by solar energy versus the public utility.

Usually, residential rooftop solar panels are approximately 65 inches tall, 40 inches wide, and 2 inches thick. In feet, that measures 5.4 ft. by 3.3 ft. Every solar panel consists of solar cells, which are typically 6 by 6 inches. Residential solar panels typically contain 60 cells, while commercial panels have 72 solar cells.

Whatever your home’s energy demand, the length of your solar panels plays a role in both your energy generation and the weight of the load placed on your roof. Knowing how much weight your roof can withstand is critical to know before the solar installation process.

Determining your solar panel roof load

Calculating your solar panel roof load, whether on your own or with the help of experts, is critical to ensure your solar system investment is successful and doesn’t damage your roof.

In addition, you want to ensure that you limit your costs on solar panels while also optimizing the energy output of your solar panels. Accurate solar panel roof load calculations can ensure that your investment will pay off. 

If you live in an area where winter weather is frequent, it’s important to account for the snow load when factoring in if solar will fall within the roof’s available capacity. The blueprints of your house will typically list your snow load capacity, but structural engineers can also assess your roof’s snow load as well.

How to calculate your solar panel roof load

Before diving into how to calculate your solar panel roof load, let’s first understand the two key calculations involved: point load and distributed load. 

• A uniformly distributed load is when weight is evenly distributed over an entire surface.
• A point load is when the weight of an item is significantly concentrated in one (or more) places.

These calculations are critical to understanding how much weight your roof can handle in any given specific spot, as well as spread over the entire surface.

If you know the number of panels and the weight of individual panels of the solar system you’re interested in installing, simply plug these numbers into the formula below to determine your point load. If you don’t know these numbers, you can substitute the average weights and lengths of solar panels listed above for a good estimate.

The formulas listed below (and in this worksheet) can help you determine the solar panel roof load for your home or business.

Conclusion on solar panel roof load calculation

This solar panel roof load calculator will help you understand whether your roof can safely support solar panels. Based on your roof’s material as well as the orientation and age of your roof, your home should be a good fit for solar panels.

Some roofs don’t have sufficient space to place a PV system and for a PV array. For example, some have shading issues that can significantly reduce solar output.

If your roof doesn’t have sufficient space or is too old to support a solar system and array, there are other options – you can opt for other options like ground-mounted PV systems. You can also go completely off the grid if you opt for solar battery storage.

For solar system owners across the country, however, optimizing the production of solar energy means different things. It’s no secret that the angle of a solar panel impacts its production – but by just how much? And what’s the optimal tilt angle for solar panels?

The truth is, there is no single, ideal angle for solar panels: at different times of the year, the optimal angle may differ significantly. The optimal tilt angle is different for every location, varying due to factors like the seasons and the average position of the sun in that particular location.

So, how can you determine the best tilt angle for your solar panels? If you live in an urban area in the United States, you might simply be able to find the best solar panel direction by zip code.

Our guide will help you understand everything you need to know about why solar panels need a tilt angle, how it is calculated, and what it means for production.

Why do solar panels need to tilt at an angle?

Solar radiation is emitted by the sun in differing quantities around the world. Solar technologies, such as solar panels, serve to capture this radiation and turn it into usable energy.

Solar panels utilize photovoltaics (PV), one of the main two solar technologies. When sunlight hits a solar panel, energy from the sun is absorbed by the PV cells in the panel. This energy then creates electrical charges that cause electricity to flow.

To optimize the amount of sunlight that hits the surface of a solar panel, they are tilted vertically, at a ‘tilt angle’. This is because the sun’s position in the sky moves throughout the day, and its position and angle also changes with the seasons.

While solar panels do work in cold weather, energy production can be impacted in places where the winter is longer, and there is less sunlight and length of daylight.

In all locations, however, the goal is for solar panels to be exactly perpendicular to the incoming solar rays, so that they can produce the most electricity possible.

Generally, the sun is at a higher position during summers and a lower position during winters. However, there is an average position between the two, which is optimal for photovoltaic panels.

This average position corresponds to the latitude of the place where you are housing the panels: tilting it at that average angle would produce the highest output.

While some solar system owners opt to keep their panels at a fixed angle throughout the year, this method is not the best way to optimize solar output. Because the sun is generally higher in the summer and lower in the winter, you can capture more energy during the whole year by adjusting the tilt of the panels according to the season.

How to calculate your optimal tilt angle

Let’s dive into how to calculate the optimal tilt angle for your solar panels. As a general rule of thumb, keep in mind that the panels need to be more vertical during winter to face the lower sun directly, and more tilted towards the ground during summer to face the higher sun.

The angle of your solar panel’s tilt during the summer and winter simply depends on where you live.

There are two methods for calculating the tilt angle for solar panels. Both of these angles require latitude degrees.

1. Adding and subtracting latitude

Whatever your latitude is, you can subtract 15° from it to calculate the angle for summer.

For winter, you can calculate the angle by adding 15°. For fall or spring, you can just subtract 2.5° from the latitude. For example, if the latitude of your city is 35°, then the tilt angle for summer would be 20° (35° – 15°) and for winter 50° (35° + 15°).

2. Multiplying the latitude

The second method is more effective, and more accurate, because it calculates the angle not only for the season but also for the midday sun, which is when the sun is hottest during any day.

For winters, you multiply the latitude by 0.9 and then add 29°. For summers, you multiply the latitude by 0.9 and then subtract 23.5°.

The same latitude of 35° would have a tilt angle of 59.6° for winter and 7.1° for summer. This total calculation is about 10° more or less from the readings obtained using the first method.

Are solar trackers helpful?

Some solar system owners opt to install solar tracking systems rather than adjust the tilt of their panels themselves.

Solar tracking systems allow solar panels to follow the sun’s path as it moves from east to west. They improve solar panels’ exposure to sunlight and increase the amount of energy they produce by ensuring they face the sun for as much time as possible.

However, solar trackers are only viable on ground-mounted panels, which is not often the case in domestic use. For roof-mounted panels, it is difficult to use trackers.

Also, these systems can be costly, raising your overall budget for solar energy solutions. Whether you own or lease your solar panel, these trackers require more complex installations for domestic systems.

As a result, solar panel trackers are most commonly used in commercial solar projects, where maximum output is needed all the time. The added cost and complexity of this tracking feature generally requires more panels to make it a worthy investment.

Fortunately, if you know your optimal solar panel direction by zip code, you will not need to install a tracking system.

What other factors affect the angle of a solar panel?

Aside from your location, latitude, and season, there are a few other factors at play that can impact the output of your solar system.

Roof design

Most homeowners opt to install solar panels on the roof of their house to save space. These homeowners must take the pitch of their roof into account: most roofs have an inclination of 30 to 40 degrees. At this pitch, the solar panel can lie flat on the roof and get enough sunlight to produce adequate electricity.

When a roof is very steep, it can be difficult to achieve the most optimal tilt angle for the panel, especially if it is lower than the angle of the roof. In such a scenario, the best thing to do would be to keep the panels lying flat. 

The same is the case with a low-angled roof, which may require a special racking system to install the panels at the correct angle. Placing them flush against the roof would produce lower output.

If your roof is flat, you would need a racking system to place them at any angle you need. However, when it comes to installing solar panels on the roof, space could be an issue. You do not want the panels to be too close together as their shade might limit the exposure to the adjacent panels.

To combat this issue, some homeowners opt to replace their roof with solar panels.

Online calculators can help you determine your roof’s capacity to hold solar panels of varying weights.

Direction of the panels

The tilt angle of a solar panel is not the only angle that must be considered to produce the best outcome from photovoltaic panels, the direction the panels are facing is vital as well.

In technical terms, this measure is called the Azimuth angle, referring to the horizontal orientation of the panels in relation to the equator. 

Generally, solar panels should be facing towards the equator: 

• In the northern hemisphere, it is best to face the panels south as the sun is always in the south within the northern hemisphere. 
• If you are in the southern hemisphere, then face them north.

It’s important to note that the south or north indicated by your compass may not be the most accurate, as it is the magnetic south or north. In some places, the reading may be inaccurate by up to 25°. However, an inaccuracy of less than 10° would not make much of a difference in your Azimuth angle. 

Winter weather and snow

Winter weather can consist of snow, sleet, and hail, and the sun is at a lower position during the winter. Days are also shorter, giving less time for your solar panels to soak up the sun’s rays.

Because the sun is lower, you’ll want to keep your solar panels tilted at a lower angle during the winter to ensure they face the sun directly. However, such low angles can trap snow on the surface of the panel, reducing its output. When any material rests on the surface of a solar panel, from snow and dust to leaves, its production is hindered.

If you live in a place where it regularly snows, it may make sense to keep the panels at a steep angle, or the angle suitable for the summer, so that snow easily falls off.

Temperature

Solar panels are sturdy enough to withstand high temperatures. However, in some places where the temperatures soar very high during summer, heatwaves may negatively affect output.

Depending on where they are installed, hot temperatures can reduce the output efficiency of solar panels by 10 to 25%. But why?

Because the electricity generated by solar panels comes from a flow of electrons inside the electrical circuit, these electrons can bounce around too much when temperatures soar. This reduces the amount of electricity generated by much – and this reduces voltage, or the amount of electricity generated.

For instance, in cities like Phoenix, Arizona, solar panels require proper airflow around the panels to keep them working in their optimal state.

Solar panel angle by zip code

Now that we know all of the different factors that can impact your solar panel production, you can figure out the optimal solar panel direction by zip code.

The table below features a solar panel angle by zip code for at least one city from every state in the United States. There is an angle for both the summer and winter months that will deliver optimal results for your solar panel system.

If you live in one of these zip codes or somewhere near them, you can use the readings to set up your racking system. These have been calculated using the solar panel angle calculator for solar noon, the exact halt of the day when the sun is at its brightest.

If you don’t want to adjust your solar panel angle every few months, you should keep it at an angle suited for the season you need it to be most productive, or for the season that lasts longest in your area. Keeping your solar panels at a fixed angle can still give you efficient, clean electricity to power your home.

For most southern states and California, a fixed angle would be at the optimal angle for summer. On the other hand, for the northeast and midwestern regions where summer is shorter, the better choice would be the low winter angle.

However, if you do get the opportunity to change their angles throughout the year, you will get maximum output for the whole year. If you are installing a large amount of solar panels, you should invest in a solar tracker, which will eliminate the need to manually adjust tilt angles.

Conclusion on solar panel angling

With rising energy costs and the solar incentives offered by some U.S. states, going solar is a cost-effective decision for the majority of homeowners.

However, by installing solar panels, you are also helping protect the environment. You can make the best of your investment if you know the best angle for your solar panels.

Finding the best solar panel direction by zip code is a simple and effective solution to ensure your solar panel system is working in its most optimal state. You’ll save money and power your home more effectively when you tilt your solar panels the right way.

Choosing the right company to do your solar installation can be hectic with so many market options. If you live in Maryland, however, don’t overthink it.

Here’s a full rundown of some of the best solar companies in Maryland to evaluate for your home.

The best solar companies in Maryland

Having the right information about your installer is paramount when installing a solar system. You need the facts, to avoid ending up with disappointing service.

Many companies claim they are the best in the solar business, but which are actually the best in Maryland?

If you live in Maryland, you don’t have to do any more guesswork. Through intensive research and evaluation of numerous customer reviews, here is everything you will need to know about the best solar companies in Maryland.

1. American Sentry Solar

American Sentry Solar is undoubtedly one of the best solar companies in Maryland. The company installs high-quality solar systems for both residential and commercial spaces,  For four consecutive years, the company has appeared in the “Top 500 Solar Contractors” in the U.S.

With over 20 years of experience and an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau of Maryland, American Sentry Solar is an installer you can trust.

Launched in 2009 as part of American Design and Build, American Sentry Solar has installed solar panel systems in thousands of homes. The firm enjoys popularity both in Maryland, Texas, as well as Delaware.

So what has earned the company their great reputation?

American Sentry Solar offerings

One of the best solar companies in Maryland, American Senty Solar make the entire solar installation process easy for customers: they handle all paperwork, from filling out all customer tax incentives and rebates to any needed building permits and even dealing with the local utilities for you.

Most of their solar system installations take only 2-3 days, and they provide a warranty of 25 years on their solar panels. In addition, their customer service team is responsive, helpful, and experts on all-things solar.

What their customers have to say

Customers who have encountered American Sentry’s services have described it in various positive ways. In their over 160 five-star reviews, most say that the firm is dependable, awesome to work with, and they make the installation process quick and painless.

Since the transition to solar energy may be unaffordable for most people, the firm also offers its customers multiple payment options. The company even helps their customers register for loans with various payment plans.

Therefore, if you are looking for the best solar companies in Maryland, American Sentry Solar is a great option to consider. Their glowing customer reviews and wide range of service offerings make them one of the best options.

2. Lumina Solar

Lumina Solar is a clean energy company based in Baltimore, Maryland. The company services customers throughout the Mid-Atlantic region, including Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington D.C. Lumina Solar is committed to providing solar energy solutions that are not only environmentally friendly but also save their customers money.

Lumina Solar offerings

If you are worried about the transition process, Lumina Solar has your back to make the process as simple as possible. Under the Lumina family of companies, they can handle all aspects of the process, from consultation to installation.

Their solar experts will walk with you from the initial stages of assessing your energy needs and enlighten you on how solar energy will help you save. They will answer all your questions and tackle any uncertainties you may have.

During their visit to your home, they will collect information that will help their design team to create a tailored system for you.

In the second stage, they assign you a personal customer success manager who handles all necessary permitting and paperwork. The firm ensures every requirement or demand from the local utility company is all tackled. As for you, all you’ll have to do is relax as you wait for them to do the installation.

Then your solar system will be ready for operation within 4-8 hours. However, your system will only be connected to the grid after you receive permission to operate (PTO) by your local municipality.

What their customers have to say

With over 260 five-star reviews online, Lumina Solar has many satisfied customers. Their customers describe their service as professional, pleasant, and competent.

Customers were also pleased that the process moved along smoothly, despite the coordination required to install a solar system successfully.

Therefore, if you’re looking for a Maryland-based solar company that will provide excellent customer service, value for your money, and timely installation, Lumina Solar truly is one of the best solar companies in Maryland.

3. Solar Energy World

Solar Energy World is another company that had to be included on our list of the best solar companies in Maryland. Headquartered in Elkridge, Maryland, Solar Energy World offers complete solar solutions for both residential and commercial properties.

The firm serves not only Maryland but also other states like Florida, Washington DC, Virginia, and more. Many refer to the firm as the number one Maryland-owned solar installer.

Besides undertaking thousands of existing Maryland solar projects, Solar Energy World has an average of 80-90 new solar installations every month.

Its high level of installations around the Washington and Maryland areas earned the company a spot on the Solar Power World’s top list of the best solar rooftop installers in 2015 in North America.

In addition, their employees and installers are overseen by NABCEP-certified solar experts and certified master electricians. Solar Power World is a member of the Howard County Green Business Council and a partner of ENERGY STAR.

Solar Energy World offerings

Solar Energy World simplifies the solar install process with their 6 steps for success. This process covers everything from the initial consultation through installation, permitting, and secure remote monitoring once the system is installed.

The company is usually able to complete installations within 2-3 days, depending on the size of your home’s system. In addition, they will complete all solar tax credits and rebate paperwork for their clients to ensure they can fully reap the benefits of going solar.

What their customers have to say 

Solar Energy World has received hundreds of glowing reviews, praising the company’s expertise, efficiency, and quality of solar systems. Some even described the entire process as painless!

Notably, clients were appreciative that the team took the effort to patiently clarify terms and processes around installing solar energy for the first time.

For a reliable solar installer with a solid track record, knowledgeable experts, and efficient products, consider Solar Energy World.

4. Tesla Energy

The next solar company on our list is Tesla Energy. After acquiring SolarCity in 2016, Tesla has become one of the best solar companies in Maryland and beyond.

Homeowners across the U.S. are excited by their advanced and innovative technology that can help households operate more sustainably.

Tesla Energy offerings

The Tesla team takes care of everything from installation to permitting to powering-on your new solar system.

The new solar roof tiles that they introduced into the market in 2016 completely revolutionized the appearance of solar panels. Tesla offers invisible glass solar panels and all-black solar panels that blend in with any roof and optimize electricity production.

The Tesla system comes with integrated battery storage that stores the energy produced during the day, for your use at any time.

Their solar systems seamlessly integrate with the Powerwall home battery. This integrated battery system stores your solar energy for backup protection, so your power will stay on when the grid goes down.

After customers place an order, their process is unique: their team will gather remote aerial imagery of your home, design your system, take care of any necessary permits and schedule your installation. By employing NABCEP-certified project supervisors and managers, the company ensures that its clients receive top-notch customer service.

What their customers have to say

While some Tesla Energy customers note that their post-installation customer support is lacking, the majority of their clients were satisfied with the process.

Many reviews appreciated the Tesla team’s efficiency, professionalism, and timeliness. One client even noted that the total time from their initial inquiry to approval to go online was only about eight weeks.

Tesla’s innovative electric technology is unique and one of the most sustainable options for homeowners today. All-electric homes have many benefits, and Tesla’s offerings allow homes in Maryland to take advantage of many of these.

5. Sunrun

Another of the best solar companies in Maryland is Sunrun. Founded in 2007, Sunrun Inc. has its headquarters in San Francisco, California and aims to make the use of solar power affordable. With over 240k customers, Sunrun serves more than 22 states and has deployed over 1600 megawatts.

Despite their California headquarters, Sunrun is willing and able to serve residential properties all over the U.S. In fact, the company has installed over 285,000 solar and battery systems in 20 states.

Sunrun has become one of the most trusted residential installers in the U.S., comprising multiple teams of skilled staff who will ensure that you receive the best services.

Sunrun offerings

Their solar systems are customized with hi-tech photovoltaic solar panels that ensure optimal production and service. Sunrun starts by evaluating your property, and works to determine the best solar system for you. They then design your custom systems, install your solar panels and any backup batteries.

Sunrun customers can either lease their custom solar panel systems, purchase them through flexible solar financing, or pay for them outright.

Sunrun partners with companies like LG, LONGi, and Tesla to offer their customers high-quality solar panels and batteries. They also maintain a partnership with Costco, so members of the discount club get certain price reductions.

What their customers have to say

Many Sunrun customers noted being pleased with the money their solar system has helped them save on their electric bill, and appreciate the speedy and professional installation process.

While working with Sunrun does have many benefits, customers have raised concerns about their experience that are important to consider. Customer reviews report poor customer service and slow responses on follow-up maintenance.

However, suppose you’re looking for a solar installer with experience across the US who can offer customized panel solutions for your roof. In that case, Solarrun could be a good option for you.

6. EDGE Energy

Another great solar company that does it all is EDGE Energy. They deal with various forms of renewable energy including solar, wind, and geothermal. Some of the other activities the company undertakes include energy audits, green re-models, and retrofit projects.

EDGE Energy is popular for its efforts to help homeowners, businesses, and governments evaluate and implement different energy technologies. With over 45 employees, the company has been able to provide efficiency upgrades to more than 10,000 homes throughout Maryland, Washington DC, and Virginia.

The company hires project managers that are NABCEP-certified and recognized by multiple other industry associations. This way, customers can rest assured that the service they offer is exceptional and up to industry-standards.

In addition, the company installs solar systems with high records of conversion efficiency.

EDGE Energy is BPI accredited. BPI is an institution that helps set home performance’s technical standards. EDGE Energy is also an A+ rated company by the Better Business Bureau, which means it’s a company you can rely on.

EDGE Energy offerings

EDGE Energy offers SunPower panels that are American-made and whose quality is undisputed. SunPower’s M-series panel is the highest efficiency AC solar panel available on the market at 440-420 watts.

EDGE Energy is one of only 33 SunPower Master Dealers in the U.S. Their excellent reputation stems from their track record of outstanding installations, bumper-to-bumper warranty, and excellent customer service.

EDGE also offers an energy storage solution package that ensures that homes always have access to energy in case of an emergency. In addition, they offer free at-home consultations, zero-down flexible financing, and an app that tracks your solar system’s performance and savings.

They offer a 10-year warranty for their installations in addition to the 25-year SunPower warranty on solar panels. This is a great option for those looking for secure warranties on their solar systems.

What their customers have to say

EDGE Energy boasts many pleased customers who noted that their team was responsive in providing estimates and options and the people who did the work were professional and detail-oriented.

Their best-in-class solar panels, excellent installation track record and communicative team undoubtedly makes EDGE Energy one of the best solar companies in Maryland.

7. Celestial Solar Innovations

Founded on energy affordability, independence, and sustainability as their principles, Celestial Solar Innovations is another one of the best solar companies in Maryland. They are known to offer their clients quality solar installations and flexible financing options.

With financing of up to 100%, the company makes the transition to solar energy an easy, and affordable process for everyone.

Celestial Solar Innovations specializes in residential, as well as small commercial solar system design, financing, installation, and monitoring. The company joins the list of best solar companies in Maryland for its excellent services and reputation.

Celestial Solar Innovations offerings

Celestial Solar provides hassle-free and turnkey solar installation services throughout the entire state of Maryland. They start the installation process with home visits that includes a customized aerial solar snapshot and estimate for each system.

Their detailed financial analysis of the incentives, costs, and savings for each solar system helps homeowners understand the benefits of going solar.

Additional benefits the Celestial Solar team offers are submitting interconnection to the local utility, providing all engineering, drafting and applying for county permits, scheduling and overseeing all inspections, and providing all necessary paperwork on your behalf.

What their customers have to say

Celestial Solar has consistently received glowing reviews of 4 or 5 stars from satisfied customers throughout Maryland. Customers praise the team’s communication, expertise, and warranty of their offering.

One customer noted that their system was up and running successfully in only 3 weeks, from consultation to installation.

Therefore, if you’re looking to own a solar system and don’t know where to start, try Celestial Solar Innovations. As their client reviews state, you won’t be disappointed!

8. Vivint Solar

Vivint Solar is an American-based solar energy company based in Lehi, UT. The company offers solar energy solutions for residential homes across 21 states in the US.

Vivint Solar is among the best solar installers in Maryland who have been featured in multiple publications such as PV Magazine, THE VERGE, and Forbes.

Launched in 2011, Vivint Solar has served more than 10,000 customers across the U.S. with a large number of customers praising their services.

Vivint Solar offerings

Vivant is an all-around firm that produces, installs, and maintains solar systems in various states. In addition to solar batteries and inverters, they offer three varieties of solar panels: Hyandai, Longi, and LG. While each option has its own benefits, they are all reliable, efficient, and durable options.

The Longi panels, for example, feature field-proven bifacial modules that deliver added performance benefits and long-term reliability. LG panels, alternatively, have a greater capacity for light absorption and provide high performance.

Whatever option you go with, the Vivant team is guaranteed a long, energy-efficient life for your solar panels. The company employs a 25-year warranty and allows clients to easily monitor your system’s production as well as your energy consumption through your phone or via the internet.

What their customers have to say

Despite over 200 positive reviews, some customers were disappointed with the Vivant team’s responsiveness when it came to customer service.

However, many customers praised the team’s expertise, cleanliness and quick install time. They reported that the Vivant team explained contract details thoroughly and worked efficiently.

If you want to enjoy a simple solar installation process that saves you money and features industry-leading solar panels, Vivint Solar is a great choice.

Conclusion on best solar companies in Maryland

Though there are many options to pick from when it comes to solar installers, the best solar companies in Maryland set themselves apart with their excellent customer service, expertise, and industry-leading solar technology.

Before moving forward on your solar power journey in Maryland, be sure to find the right payment option for you, whether it be leasing or purchasing your solar panels. Your wallet–and the planet–will thank you for it.

These companies will undoubtedly allow you and your family to enjoy efficient, green renewable energy and power your home for less money.

Not so fast.

In this ultimate guide to bifacial solar panels, you’ll find out everything you need to know about these two-sided solar marvels. 

With this knowledge, you’ll be able to make an informed decision about whether bifacial solar panels are right for you.

What are bifacial solar panels?

Bifacial (two-faced) solar panels (BSPs) are a type of photovoltaic (PV) module that captures solar energy on both its top and bottom sides. The front side facing the sun absorbs direct sunlight. The back end catches the direct rays falling around the panel and the diffuse sun rays, both of which are reflected off of the ground. The lighter the ground’s surface, the greater the reflection. This phenomenon is called the albedo.

Below is a schematic of a bifacial solar panel and how sun rays reach it:

By contrast, monofacial (one-faced) solar panels transform solar radiation into electrical energy from solar cells located on their top side only.

Since Bell Labs began experiments in 1954 followed by the first patented design in 1960 for a bifacial solar cell, BSPs have gained popularity only recently as part of the clean energy transition away from fossil fuels. It was the invention and commercialization of PERC cells in this century that substantially increased the efficiency of BSPs and led to their wider utilization. (More on PERC below.)

Today, BSPs are primarily used for utility-scale generation of solar energy. For example, one of the largest bifacial solar systems in the United States was built in Georgia in 2019. It supplies clean energy to 30,000 households.

How do bifacial solar cells capture light energy?

The top side of bifacial solar cells (BSCs) capture direct rays of light energy in the same way that monofacial solar cells do. However, the back end catches the reflected light energy that monofacial solar cells cannot absorb as well. 

In conventional monofacial mono- and polycrystalline solar cells, some direct light energy goes through the solar cells. It is lost as heat. In theory, if there were another solar cell on the back, it could possibly absorb the lost energy before it dissipates as heat.

There is also direct light energy that arrives around the solar module and is bounced off of surrounding surfaces. Also, diffuse light on cloudy days is present. Monofacials may absorb some of these light forms.

Bifacial solar cells, on the other hand, specialize in capturing the reflected and diffuse light energy. They perform this feat most efficiently when that light is reflected off of a light-colored surface, (for example, a flat white roof or desert sand), and passes through the transparent back sheet or glass. 

This is called the albedo effect. The light rays enter the rear-facing solar cells where their radiant energy can be converted into electricity. 

What do bifacial solar panels look like?

Although there are many different types of bifacial solar cells that do the heavy lifting in converting the sun’s radiant energy to electrical energy, all bifacial solar panels look very much the same. 

Generally, they are slimmer than their monofacial counterparts. In fact, they resemble thin film solar panels more than conventional, bulky mono- or polycrystalline solar panels set in metal frames.

However, bifacial solar panels are usually heavier than mono- and polycrystalline monofacial solar modules because they often have tempered glass on both sides rather than just on the front side. A clear back sheet may be substituted for the glass in some panels.

BSPs are usually heavier even if they are frameless which many are. By comparison, monofacial modules are always encased in metal frames and have a solid metallic backing that prevents light from entering through the underside.

What is the major difference between monofacial and bifacial solar panels?

The major difference between bifacial and monofacial solar panels is that BSPs do not have a solid metal back like monofacial panels have. Instead, they rely on a metallic screen (grid) printed on the silicon wafer for electrical conduction. 

Traditional monofacials with a solid metal backing have aluminum back surface field solar cells referred to as Al-BSF. Al is the chemical symbol for aluminum. You will see both of these shorthand names in some of the diagrams in this article.

Instead of a solid metal sheet, bifacials are made with a highly conductive, although expensive, silver paste for electrical transmission. Silver is noted by its chemical symbol, Ag, in many solar cell diagrams in this article.

How are bifacial solar panels made?

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) bifacial solar panels (BSPs) are made just like traditional mono- and polycrystalline monofacial solar panels are constructed with the addition of two extra steps. These additional steps are required to preserve the solar cells’ efficiency and protect the solar cells on the bottom side.

In her doctoral dissertation on BSPs, Claudia Duran summarizes the manufacturing similarities and differences between crystalline silicon bifacial and monofacial p-type wafers in a table reproduced below:

The second step in BSP formation involves the doping of silicon wafers with boron (BBr₃) done in a very precise manner. The third step is needed to prevent the recombining of energized electrons back into PV material before they form electrical current and move in an organized stream out of the solar cells and into your home.

Other types of bifacial solar cells are manufactured differently. The section below presents some key distinguishing features of these processes. 

What are the 5 types of bifacial solar panels?

There are five major types of bifacial solar panels (BSPs) on the market today. They differ in the type of solar cell used. 

Monofacial solar modules may also employ these cell types. A plus (+) sign after the cell’s acronym is sometimes used to denote a bifacial solar cell.

1. Passivated emitter and rear cell or contact (PERC) 
2. Passivated emitter rear totally diffused (PERT) 
3. Passivated emitter rear locally diffused (PERL)
4. Silicon heterojunction with multiple intrinsic thin layers (HIT)
5. Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC)

According to industry analysts, the most common type of BSP employed today is PERT. HIT is in second place followed by PERC+.

1. PERC solar cells

PERC solar cells currently dominate the PV industry, replacing the traditional aluminum back surface field solar cells (Al-BSF). 

The graph below summarizes the shift in cell types across the PV industry.

All PERC and PERC+ solar cells feature passivation and dielectric capping layers that conventional mono- and polycrystalline Al-BSF solar cells do not have. You can see them in the diagram below of a side view of a PERC solar module:

The passivation and dielectric capping layers consisting of various high-quality metal oxides prevent surface recombination of electron-hole pairs. This means instead of rejoining and merging back into the PV material of the cell, energized electrons separate and move in an organized fashion forming the electrical current that starts its journey into your home.

Here’s a schematic showing PERC and PERC+ side by side:

Fortunately, the manufacture of PERC+ in factories which already make PERC cells is possible. Practically no modification of the production line from PERC to PERC+ is needed. Just a change of the screen-printed grid layout is required.

2. PERL solar cells

PERL, as well as PERT, solar cells are improvements on PERC cell technology but very similar in design and manufacture. They have been shown in laboratory tests to achieve up to 25% efficiency. Incidentally, recycled silicon used in PERC cells can reach almost 20% efficiency.

In PERL, electron-hole recombination in the rear is reduced by diffused boron or phosphorus doping only at the metal contact points. This means freed electrons don’t easily return to the PV materials in the cell. 

Rather, they become part of the electric current that feeds the electrical devices and appliances in your home.

3. PERT solar cells

In PERT, boron or phosphorus diffusion occurs throughout the back surface.

PERT is a popular choice for bifacial solar cells because it undergoes very little light-induced degradation (LID) unlike PERC cells.

4. Heterojunction with multiple intrinsic thin layers (HIT)

Heterojunction (HJT) solar cells feature a layer of crystalline silicon (c-Si) sandwiched between two layers of amorphous silicon (a-Si). HIT cells have many more ultra-thin a-Si layers than HJT cells.

Here is a schematic of a HJT solar panel side view clearly showing the a-Si layers:

For comparison, here is a diagram of a HIT solar cell. TCO in the diagram stands for transparent conductive oxide. TCO could be any number of metal oxides that play an important role in electrical conduction.

HJT and HIT cells enjoy extremely low temperature coefficients (~0.26%/°C). They are highly efficient as well (24%+). Plus, they are easier to manufacture than conventional mono- and polycrystalline solar cells. The process is simpler and also less energy intensive. 

HIT cells are perfectly suited for bifacial applications because the rear cell efficiency approximates the front cell efficiency. In other words, the back cell can convert as much solar energy to electrical energy as the front cell under the right conditions!  

The ratio between the rear and front power outputs (sometimes efficiencies are used in the mathematical formulas) is known as the bifaciality factor. See below for more on this. 

For HIT cells, the bifaciality factor is 92-100% with optimization. In PERC+ cells, by contrast, the bifaciality factor may hover around 65-80%. This means the bottom solar cell produces only 65-80% of the power generated by the top solar cell.

What is the bifaciality factor? [A sample calculation using the bifaciality factor]

The bifaciality factor, B, is a metric used to quantify how well the back solar cells in a bifacial solar panel perform compared to the front solar cells. 

Mathematically, B is a ratio of the maximum power points (as displayed on the I-V curve) for both rear and front cells at standard test conditions. The bifaciality factor is often expressed as a percentage.

B = [P_{mpp, rear} /P_{mpp, front}]  x 100

Prospective buyers interested in using the bifaciality factor to calculate the maximum power output from the rear side of a bifacial solar panel may be able to do so using numbers from panel specification sheets. 

Each company presents their panels’ specs differently, and all the data you need may not be there. The bifaciality factor may not be given. When in doubt, call the company for more information.

As an example, Hanwha bifacial Q.ANTUM cells spec sheets list the bifaciality factor as 70% +/- 5% under standard test conditions (STC). So, using the P_mpp of the front panel given in the specs as 470W, the P_{mpp, rear} must be (when you rearrange the equation above):

 P_{mpp, rear} = B x P_{mpp, front} = 0.70 x 470 = 329W

However, the P_mpp for the entire bifacial solar panel — in the column called BSTC on the spec sheet — is 514W. It is not, as you may expect if the maximum powers were additive: 470W + 329W = 799W.

In the real world, the tilt angle of the solar array, height off the ground, altitude, and albedo largely determine how much power the bifacial solar module as a single functional unit will actually produce. 

Other factors, such as shading, soiling, and the many types of panel degradation, also influence the final number.

When sizing your solar system using bifacial solar panels, some companies, like Prism Solar, will indicate directly on the spec sheet that you should use the BSTC value of the maximum power point, not the value listed for the front side only to determine how many panels you need to meet your household energy demands.

5. Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC)

In IBC (rear contact) solar cells, the metal contacts (electrodes) through which electrical current passes are placed entirely on the back of the module. This placement eliminates energy losses due to shading on the front cell. 

The difference amounts to a 5-7% gain in electrical current, leaving IBC cells vs. cells with front-facing electrodes.

Through this arrangement of conducting wires in IBC solar cells, the front side has the fewest obstacles to light absorption. All electrical conduction and energy conversions occur on the module back. 

What is the preferred metal used in bifacial solar panels?

In PERC+/PERL/PERT bifacials, silver is still the most preferred metal to use. It is highly conductive. 

Although there has been a significant reduction in the amount of aluminum in PERC+ compared to PERC solar cells — from 1.0g to 0.2g per silicon wafer — this is not the case for silver. 

Researchers are working on finding cheaper silver substitutes for efficient electrical passage in solar cells, especially since the cost of silver has increased substantially in recent years. Silicon heterojunction cells in particular hold much promise in maintaining high efficiency with less expensive metals. 

Along with silver, the scarcity of other metals significantly contributes to the cost of solar panels. Monofacials of all cell types also use silver, so the problem of silver metal scarcity is PV industry-wide.  

How common are bifacial solar modules in the solar industry?

According to The International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (ITRPV), in 2020, bifacial solar cells made up 20% of the solar cell market. Experts predict that by 2030, market share will increase to 70%. 

However, the actual and predicted market shares for bifacial solar panels (BSPs) are not as remarkable for the same time period. In 2020, a mere 12% of the solar panel market belonged to BSPs. The percentage is expected to climb to only 30% by 2030.

So the logical question about the apparent incongruence between these numbers is: What’s going to happen to all the bifacial solar cells that will be manufactured by 2030 if they won’t be in bifacial solar modules? 

Solar industry analysts predict that bifacial solar cells will become incorporated in monofacial modules constructed with special features. 

White back encapsulant or reflective back sheets in these modules will enhance the modules’ power ratings. In effect, modules constructed in this manner are like bifacial-monofacial hybrids.

It remains to be seen how these modules will be priced or what they will be called. Keep your eye on this space for updates on bifacial-monofacial solar panel hybrids.

Are bifacial solar panels more expensive than monofacial solar panels?

It is commonly believed that bifacial solar panels (BSPs) are significantly more expensive than their monofacial counterparts. This was true before PERC cells became mass produced in the mid-2010s, but it is no longer true today.

The National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) released a price-per-watt cost comparison between monofacial and bifacial solar panels in 2019. Some types of BSPs have achieved price parity with monofacials — or are very close to it — as the graph below illustrates:

Are bifacial solar panels twice as efficient as monofacial solar panels?

In general, bifacial solar panels (BSPs) are not twice as efficient as monofacial solar panels in converting solar energy to electrical energy except possibly in lab settings using certain types of bifacial solar cells.

Today, PERC cells in monofacial solar modules afford an approximate 22.5% efficiency. This is the practical upper limit for mono PERC modules.

However, in a BSP PERC (noted as PERC+) module, overall efficiencies 11% greater than monofacial counterparts are possible according to studies by LONGi, a major solar manufacturer. 

For example, if that study is accurate, a bifacial solar panel with the same type and number of solar cells, tested under the same operating conditions and positioned in the same way as its monofacial counterpart that has a 20% efficiency, will have an efficiency of 20 + 11 = 31%. 

How much is the energy boost of a bifacial solar panel?

The “energy boost” of a bifacial solar panel (BSP) compared to its monofacial counterpart refers to the additional energy yield afforded by the bottom side of bifacial PV modules. It tells you how much more power output you can expect from BSPs compared to monofacial PV modules of the same power rating (ex., 370W) set up in an identical manner. 

A 1982 study by Cuevas, et al., found that the energy boost of a BSP compared to a monofacial module just like it under the same operating conditions was 50%. For that study, the research team used special light concentrating systems that most people wouldn’t have access to or couldn’t afford.

More recent research shows that with an expensive solar tracking system, 27% energy yield increases are possible.

On various bifacial panel spec sheets we reviewed for this article, the energy boost from BSPs varied between 20-35%. However, and not to throw shade (no pun intended) on your high hopes for BSPs, other research shows energy gains of 3-10% are more realistic. 

What determines the energy boost of bifacial solar panels?

Several factors determine exactly how much energy boost BSPs will deliver. Researchers working for the solar company Solar World AG have identified two factors as the most important:

1. The albedo of the surface under the modules
2. The height of the bottom panel in relation to that surface. 

The team developed a complex mathematical formula to determine the additional energy gain from bifacials. Here it is:

Key to formula:

a = 1.037

A = row pitch between the modules

E = 2.718

B = 8.691

H = distance between the lowest point on the module

frame and the roof or ground

c = 0.125

Using the formula, they generated the following data displayed graphically below:

The researchers concluded that the surface with the highest reflective capacity (albedo) located approximately 18 in. (0.5 meter) below the bottom of the lowest panel row yielded the greatest energy boost.

Other solar companies recommend heights of at least 1 meter (36 in.) The ideal height according to their research is 1.2-1.3m (47-51 in.)

Installing bifacial solar panels

If you’re considering bifacial solar panels for your home as the major source of energy to meet all of your family’s needs, it only makes economic sense if you have plenty of space for a ground mount system (to avoid row shading) in an area with a very high albedo at a high latitude.

Latitude and bifacial solar panels 

Here’s a graph of data showing why 60° or higher latitude is best for optimal energy yield gain in bifacials with or without solar tracking compared to monofacials:

Another source comes to the same conclusion: 60° or higher latitude is optimal for BSPs.

Albedo and bifacial solar panels

Albedo varies widely among surface types. Here’s a table that quantifies albedo under standard test conditions:

Ideally, for a small solar array serving one home, an albedo of at least 50% is needed to make BSPs cost-effective.

By contrast, an albedo of 25%, common with vegetation or soil, results in a relative energy gain (compared to monofacials) of only 10%.

Note that albedo changes throughout the day and with the seasons. Some surfaces may receive reduced albedo over time due to weathering or soiling. When crunching the numbers to determine power output and how long your economic payback period or energy payback period will be, it’s important to take a changing albedo into account.

Ground cover ratio and bifacial solar panels

A metric used to quantify the needed space between panel rows to avoid shading is called the ground cover ratio (GCR). This is the ratio between the area occupied by the panels and the total available area. Studies show that 40-50% is the optimal GCR for a ground mounted bifacial solar system.

Are bifacial solar panels for homes worth it?

For most homes, bifacial solar panels (BSPs) to meet all of your energy needs are not recommended. However, there are a few situations where BSPs would do well. 

People living in snowy regions at or above 60° latitude with lots of land — Alaskans, this means you! — could make bifacial solar panels work for them if the panels are:

1. Installed vertically — portrait style — to shed snow and expose more of the panels quickly or tilted correctly for your region

2. Spaced far enough apart to prevent shading of one row on another

3. Lowest panel is 18 in. minimum up to 51 in. from the ground

4. Facing the east and west to get two power peaks per day (sun rising and sun setting).

Similarly, people residing in high-latitude or subtropical deserts could benefit from BSPs.

Urbanites living in buildings with reflective roofs in sunny places could also take advantage of higher albedo. A California project mapping out potentials for “cool roofs” in a number of cities showed it was possible.

Vertically-mounted BSPs would enhance green roofs, too, in urban scenarios.

This is no joke: observe the temperature differences on white vs. black surfaces.

In all these uses of small-scale BSP, the modules are tilted or vertical. They are never mounted flush to a rooftop, even if the roof has a high albedo. On a roof, there is not enough space for reflection followed by absorption of radiant energy by the rear solar cells unless the entire array is elevated.

However, due to wind gales that could whip off the array and send it flying, it is not a good idea to mount the panels so far off of the roof.

If homeowners would like to use BSP on their property, but only as a supplement to a rooftop array of traditional monofacial panels, bifacials could produce some energy if they are horizontally positioned in:

• Carports
• Canopies
• Pergolas 
• Patios 
• Awnings
• Balconies
• Deck coverings

Can bifacial solar panel canopies perform well in cities?

There is growing evidence from real-life examples that bifacial solar panels (BSPs) on canopies in urban settings can perform well. Brooklyn, NY-based Urban Energy recently completed its first BSP canopy in New York City. The 46 kW system consists of 118 BSPs rated at 390W each placed atop a low-and-moderate-income multifamily building.

The company states the shading factor was minimal on the canopy compared to other rooftop solar systems in the city. Other advantages of the bifacial canopy vs. standard rooftop solar in a metropolitan location include:

• Maximizes solar power output in a confined space
• Adheres better to building codes (no obstruction or fire lane intrusion) 
• Integrates well with battery storage and heat pumps

Urban Energy plans expansion to other NYC sites in 2023 with more planned for Chicago and Washington, D.C. in 2024.

Advantages and disadvantages of bifacial solar panels

Here’s a summary table of the major advantages and disadvantages of bifacial solar panels for homeowners considering them for a residential solar system. Most of these points have been discussed in this article, but a few are seen here for the first time.

Key takeaways on bifacial solar panels

Bifacial solar panels (BSPs) have grown in popularity in recent years. Unlike monofacial solar panels which produce energy on just one side, both the front and back sides of BSPs convert solar energy into electricity.

Given today’s technology, BSPs can achieve — under ideal conditions — a 25-30% increase in power output compared to monofacial solar modules. Realistically speaking, 3-10% is more likely.

Some BSPs are slightly more expensive than their monofacial counterparts due to advanced technology and more specialized mounting hardware. However, costs are decreasing as BSPs become more common. Today, certain types are cost-competitive with monofacials. 

Although bifacials are used on industrial and utility scales today, homeowners have fewer options regarding small-scale bifacial solar systems if they wish to save money on energy bills and enjoy a short payback period.

BSPs are not recommended for residential rooftop solar. There isn’t enough space for light to reach the bottom solar cells. However, if you have land for a well-spaced ground mount solar setup, bifacial solar panels could work. High altitude and high albedo are necessary for good solar power generation.

If you’re not able to support any kind of solar system on your property, participating in community solar programs may be an alternative way to get involved in the renewable energy transition while receiving energy cost savings. 

In this SunPower solar panels review, we’ll look at some of their stand-out products and the benefits and advantages of their solar panels and cells.

SunPower solar panels review: the best panels and cells

SunPower offers a range of rigid and flexible solar panels of various sizes, as well as individual solar cells. Here are our top picks for some of their best products.

1. SunPower 50 Watt Flexible Monocrystalline Solar Panel

This flexible solar panel is made with Maxeon Generation III mono-crystalline cells that offer 23.5% efficiency, more than most comparable flexible panels. This allows you to get the maximum amount of energy from the compact panel.

Weighing just 2.5 lbs, this small, light panel is highly portable. You can easily take it with you when camping, RVing, or use it as a backup charger for your vehicle.

It comes with pre-drilled holes for easy installation, so you can mount it on your boat, RV, or cabin and then use it elsewhere as required.

The compact panel is not super powerful, with just 50 watts of output, but is sufficient to charge your devices. You could also hook together two or more of these panels in a series to generate more electricity.

This solar panel is also highly durable and will stand up to all kinds of weather conditions, making it suitable for various applications. Its built-in micro junction box is rated IP67 waterproof, making it ideal for outdoor activities and boating.

However, some online reviewers complain that the MC4 connection is difficult to disconnect – unlike some other panels, you cannot simply pull out the link by hand, so you need to have the appropriate tool with you whenever you want to uninstall the panel.

The panel comes with a two-year product warranty, five-year power warranty, and a 25-year materials and workmanship warranty backed up with SunPower’s customer service.

What we like:

• Portable: Lightweight and compact, you can take this panel with you boating, hiking, or on canoe trips.
• User-friendly: Easy to install and use, the panel is ideal for beginners.
• Highly efficient: With a conversion rate of 23.5%, you’ll get the maximum amount of energy from the sun available, which is great for low light conditions.

What we don’t like:

• Difficult to uninstall: Though easy to set up and install, the MC4 connectors cannot be disconnected by hand, making the panel a bit tricky to uninstall.

Although not the most powerful solar panel on the market, this high-efficient, lightweight, and robust flexible solar panel is a great pick for anyone looking for a portable power source for their outdoor activities.

2. SunPower 110 Watt Flexible Solar Panel

This flexible panel is a more powerful option, offering up to 110 watts of output. This makes it suitable for charging multiple devices or running simple appliances such as a mini-fridge.

Like SunPower’s 50-watt flexible solar panel, it is highly-efficient, well made from lightweight polymer materials, and highly durable. The panel is relatively-small and light, weighing 4.4 pounds and measuring 46 x 22 x 0.8 inches, so is great for small roof spaces and vehicles.

With a robust frame, you could also take the panel with you on camping trips, or use it for temporary installations. It’s flexible, and can be bent up 30 degrees, meaning you can wrap it to fit your boat or RV roof, or install it on curved awnings or roof spaces.

In the unlikely event that you have any issues with the panel, you’re covered by SunPower’s excellent warranty periods. Unlike some other manufacturers, the warranty isn’t impacted if you expose the panel to salt water, so you can confidently use it on your boat or canoe trips without compromising security.

What we like:

• Flexible: You can bend this flexible panel up to 30 degrees, making it suitable for curved roofs, RVs, and boats.
• Durable: The robust panel comes with a sturdy frame, so it will stand up to all kinds of weather conditions, and you can transport it without it getting damaged.
• Excellent warranty: The panel comes with extended warranties, so in the unlikely event you have any problems, you’ll be able to get a replacement from SunPower.

What we don’t like:

• Less portable: Larger and heavier than the 50-watt version, you may be better off opting for the small panel depending on your power needs if portability is important to you.

Though not highly portable, this 100-watt solar panel offers more power while still being compact and lightweight, making it a great solution for boats, RVs, and cabins.

Take a look at our round-up review of the best flexible solar panels for more options.

3. SunPower Flexible Solar Cells for DIY Panels

These DIY solar cells let you build your own panel to your own custom specifications.

Each cell is a flexible mono-crystalline solar cell made with patented USA technology to make it highly efficient. This means that your DIY panel will be able to convert the maximum amount of sunlight into energy.

The cells are also designed to perform well in partial shade and low light conditions, by sending the current through shaded cells in the same series. This means that it will produce a consistent amount of energy even if parts of the panel pass into the shade and also gives you the flexibility to avoid using diodes if you choose.

These cells produce twice the amount of voltage as traditional wafer cells, meaning you can use them to create powerful, highly-efficient cells that generate more power with a smaller footprint.

The set comes with 500 cells, with +2 bushbars per cell. The cells are super thin, light, and flexible, so you can use them to make flexible panels suitable for curved spaces such as awnings, boats, or vehicle roofs.

Each cell comes with three solder points per polarity, making them easy to assemble.

However, it should be noted that these cells are not for beginners. Unlike SunPower’s flexible solar panels, these individual cells do not come with a protective edge and being flexible doesn’t make these cells less fragile or simple to work with.

Online reviewers complain that the cells are fragile and easy to break, though this could be said of virtually any solar cell, and other users note that they are more robust than solar cells from other brands. 

Unless you have some knowledge of putting together a solar panel and are prepared to handle the cells with plenty of care, you’re probably better going for a more ready-made solution.

What we like:

• Highly efficient: This is only of the most advanced, efficient consumer solar cells available, so is perfect for building custom solar panels that will give you the maximum power output for the footprint.
• Flexible: Being flexible cells, you can use them to build panels for curved surfaces, making them ideal for RVs, boats, and curved roofs.
• Easy to assemble: The cells come with pre-installed solder points, making them relatively easy to assemble for people with the necessary skills and tools.

What we don’t like:

• Not user-friendly: You’ll need to handle these cells with care to avoid breakages, and it’s best to only try to build your own solar panel if you have a certain level of knowledge and experience.

Though not the best solution for everyone, SunPower’s flexible solar cells are great for experts who want to build their own custom, flexible solar panels.

What is SunPower?

Founded in 1985, SunPower is one of the world’s oldest manufacturers of solar panels. The renowned USA-based energy company makes a range of silicon photovoltaic cells, solar panels, and solar power systems for both residential and commercial use.

Majority-owned by Total SA, the company started in the USA and has since expanded its operations across the country and established facilities in Europe, Asia, and Mexico.

The brand is known for quality products and highly-efficient solar cells. These have some of the highest conversion rates on the market, at between 22 and 25% (compared to 14% to 18% for most flexible solar panels).

SunPower panels are also built to last, with lower degradation and longer-lasting performance than many competitors. This is evidenced by the impressive warranty they offer for their products, with a standard two-year product warranty and a five-year power warranty.

Another testimony to the quality and reliability of SunPower’s PV cells is their high-profile clients, who include NASA and Honda, who used their panels on their winning solar challenge car.

SunPower solar panel series

SunPower produces solar panels for both commercial and residential applications, and currently, they have three product series: their M, X, and U-series panels.

Are SunPower solar panels any good?

If you’re planning to buy a solar panel for your home or office this year, read this section carefully. We’ll disclose all the SunPower pros and possible cons that will help you make a better decision.

So let’s get to know about them one by one.

Benefits of SunPower solar panels

SunPower solar panels are well-made and offer a range of advantages.

1. They use high-efficiency IBC cells

SunPower introduced interdigitated back-contact cells (IBC) in 2007, and they remain one of the market’s most efficient types of solar cells. SunPower’s panels receive overwhelmingly positive reviews, primarily due to their high-performance IBC cells.

A key advantage of SunPower’s IBC cells is that they feature a diffusion layer, allowing the manufacturer to install metal contacts and other structural elements on the back of the cells. This means that there’s nothing on the front of the cell that could block sunlight and make the cell less efficient.

This makes SunPower’s solar panels highly efficient, with conversion rates between 22% and 25% compared to 14% to 18% for cheaper products.

These cells also boast a low degradation rate, so they’ll continue to perform well for years. You can keep using your panel without the efficiency dropping off, representing significant long-term savings on energy bills and equipment replacement.

2. They perform well in all conditions

Most solar panels perform best when in relatively-cool conditions, preferably below 25°F. For every degree above this, a standard solar panel’s power capacity can drop by up to 0.3%.

This can obviously be pretty problematic for a piece of equipment that’s designed to work in the sun on a hot roof!

However, SunPower panels are designed to perform well in all weather conditions, even under warm temperatures. The brand’s products have an excellent temperature coefficient rating of 0.29, signifying that they’ll deliver the same level of performance no matter the temperatures and conditions they’re exposed to.

This means that you’ll get the most out of your solar panels every day of the year and be able to harvest the maximum amount of solar energy on hot, sunny days. Furthermore, if you connect your SunPower panel to a battery, you can store this energy for later and use the sun’s power to run your devices when it’s cloudy or even overnight.

3. Excellent warranty periods

SunPower also offers excellent warranty periods, with a two-year power warranty and five-year product warranty standard on their residential, commercial, and portable solar panels. Better still, all the brand’s products are covered for workmanship and material defects up to 25 years, compared to a 10-year period offered by many competitors.

Not only is this an indication of the quality and reliability of their products, but it means you’ll enjoy the extra peace of mind of knowing that they’ll address any issues you may have. The company also offers good customer service and technical support.

4. They’re highly versatile

SunPower is one of the few solar manufacturers that offer consumer PV cells that you can use to build your own solar panels. If you have a certain level of expertise, you can custom-make your own solar panel to your specifications.

Regarding their ready-made products, the brand also has a wide range of panels to suit various purposes, from powerful panels for home solar systems to flexible and portable panels which are suitable for everything from camping and canoeing to installing on your boat or RV.

Drawbacks of SunPower products

Although SunPower’s panels and solar cells have a range of benefits for residential and commercial users, they also have a few drawbacks you should be aware of.

1. They’re more expensive than many alternatives

SunPower’s solar panels and solar cells are premium products and they come with the corresponding price tag. Their products do involve a significant upfront cost, and you may be scared off by their prices which can be much higher than seemingly-comparable products.

Furthermore, to build a solar system, you’ll also need to invest in other equipment, such as a solar charge controller, inverter, and battery to store your energy. SunPower focuses on solar panels and cells, so you’ll need to source this equipment from another brand.

On the other hand, this is a one-time investment that will likely pay for itself over time by reducing your reliance on the grid and slashing your energy bills. Moreover, these excellent panels will continue to perform well for years and come with an extended warranty.

Therefore, going for a cheaper solar panel could be a false economy, as you may need to replace it sooner and end up spending more in the long run. Additionally, lower-quality products deteriorate more quickly and lose efficiency, minimizing your energy savings.

2. Limited buying options

Although SunPower is one of the US’ biggest solar manufacturers, their products could be much easier to find. Only a limited number of SunPower panels are available on Amazon, including the SunPower 50 Watt Flexible Monocrystalline Solar Panel and SunPower 110 Watt Flexible Solar Panel; not all solar panel dealers stock their products.

This means that you may have to hunt around to find the SunPower product you want, making it difficult to compare prices and get the best deal.

3. DIY solar panels are more difficult than you think

Thanks to the customization options, you may be tempted to build your own solar panel using SunPower’s solar cells, not to mention the potential savings of DIY panels. However, it’s essential to remember that this is a complex project.

Even though their SunPower Flexible Solar Cells for DIY Panels are flexible and robust, like all solar cells, they are fragile and can easily break as you work with them.

Therefore, breakages may mean you spend more on your DIY solar panel than buying a ready-made product. It’s best to only attempt this if you have the required level of expertise, not to mention patience.

Is SunPower the best solar panel provider?

SunPower is one of the world’s oldest manufacturers of solar panels and cells, which offers a range of high-quality, durable, and versatile products backed up by excellent warranty periods. Most notably, their solar products are highly-efficient, offering some of the best conversion rates currently available.

However, any SunPower solar panels review would be incomplete without acknowledging the issues with the brand, most notably the high price tag that comes with their products. Having said that, the high upfront investment is balanced with the excellent performance and efficiency of these products over the long term, not to mention that they will last longer.

Want to learn more about the best solar products? Take a look at our guides to the best flexible solar panels, ground-mount solar systems, and off-grid solar kits.

A rise in misleading marketing tactics and scams offering “free solar panels” has led many homeowners to believe they can receive a fully functional solar system for free. You may have seen such advertisements, but is there such a thing as free solar panels? Or is there a catch?

The good news is that there are plenty of unique financing structures available to get low or no cost solar panels installed. Read on to find out everything you need to know about obtaining free solar panels for your home.

Why go solar?

As the world seeks concrete ways to fight climate change, renewable energy sources have become more vital. Solar energy is becoming increasingly popular for residential and commercial buildings alike as a reliable source of renewable power.

Today’s solar panels are more efficient than ever before. Solar energy offers plenty of health and environmental benefits that go beyond fighting climate change, from preserving water to reducing the use of fossil fuels.

Not only are they great for the environment, but solar panels can also save their owners money on utility bills over time and even increase the value of a home. The average owner of a solar panel system could easily save an estimated $25,500 to $33,000 on electricity during the lifetime of the system.

However, if you’ve been shopping for the right solar panel system for your home or business, you’ve likely come across advertisements for free solar panels – these ads imply that a company will install a system for free. But is this really the case?

Is it really possible to get free solar panels?

To draw the attention of potential buyers, solar companies often market ‘free solar panels’. Before considering this offer, it’s important to understand what it really means.

The offer of free solar panels does not refer to a company installing solar panels at your house and never charging you for solar power again.

The cost to install a solar panel system can vary widely, depending on the size of the system: a small one can cost as low as $5,000, while large, high-end installations can cost upwards of $40,000. These costs also vary state to state in the U.S.

However, there are a variety of different ways to get solar panels installed at your home without having to pay this hefty cost upfront.

Free solar panels for home use

While it’s unlikely that solar panels will be gifted to you, there are a few ways to go solar with no upfront cost.

Solar panels are often referred to as free because a variety of different solar programs are zero down. This means that the solar panels are installed with no upfront cost, and then the owner pays for the use of the solar panels each month.

The reason this is so cost-effective (and ends up being free in the long run) is that your monthly payments are expected to be much lower than your previous utility bills when the grid supplied your electricity.

There are a couple of options for going solar without paying large sums of cash upfront. And, with the right program, your monthly repayments will be lower than your previous energy bills.

Solar leases and power purchase agreements

There are two primary agreements that homeowners can pursue to pay zero upfront costs on their solar panel systems. This can typically be achieved through Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and solar leases.

With a PPA, an energy company installs a solar system on your rooftop and sells you the energy that you use on a per-kWh price.

Solar leases are similar in that the energy company carries out the installation, but your fixed monthly fee is based on an estimate of the amount of power that you will use.

Are solar panels actually free when using a power purchase agreement?

PPAs, along with solar leases, have many zero down plans, meaning that you do not have to pay an upfront cost. All you need to pay is your monthly payments.

So how does it work?

Homeowners enter into a contract with a solar company and rent their solar panels for a period of around 15-25 years. After the panels have been installed on your roof, you then purchase electricity off the utility company.

Do solar leases actually save you money in the long run?

With solar leases and PPAs, there really is no upfront cost to install a solar panel system. In addition, the rate that you pay for energy is usually lower than the rate of typical energy bills. In this way, solar leases can bring in savings in the long run.

Leasees also do not have to pay to maintain or repair the panels, because they are technically owned by the solar company. It’s important to note that solar panels do not technically belong to the consumer in these agreements, but to the company leasing them out.

This situation presents some disadvantages, one of which being that you can not reap the benefits of owning your system such as tax rebates or incentives. These benefits go to the owners of the panels – the solar company.

A PPA or solar lease is usually easier to arrange, although they require a good credit score. It’s important to note, however, that not all states in the U.S. allow PPAs. There are currently fifteen states that allow PPAs.

How do solar loans differ?

Solar loans are considered to be a better financing option when it comes to maximizing the return on investment for a solar panel system. Solar loans allow you to borrow money from a lender to purchase your solar system, which you can repay over time with your energy savings.

Solar loans are generally preferred, because they grant ownership of the system. However, interest payments chip away at energy savings for approximately the first seven years until the loan is paid off.

The amount of time a solar loan takes to pay off ultimately depends on factors like the upfront cost, size, energy efficiency, and interest rates associated with your solar system. After the designated time period, owners get to keep all of their energy savings.

As the proud owner of your solar panel system, however, you can receive all of the tax benefits and incentives available from the government with a solar loan.

What federal and local solar incentives are available?

Once you are approved for a solar loan and own your system, there are several U.S. incentives available to you, depending on the state you live in.

The federal solar investment tax credit is available to all U.S. homeowners and is one of the best incentives to pursue. This credit provides solar panel owners with a 30% rebate on an entire system, which is beneficial if your tax bill is higher than the tax benefits that you could receive through this system.

Additional programs on the state level include Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) and performance-based incentives.

Eligible houses with solar systems that can produce more than one megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity can claim SRECs. In certain states, SRECs are sold separately from the physical electricity that your solar panels produce. They are essentially vouchers that prove that the electricity from your solar panels is renewable.

Performance-based incentives are rewards given for producing a certain amount of solar energy. These incentives reward solar owners for choosing renewable energy.

It’s key to note that these federal and state-wide incentives can be combined, meaning you can benefit from both federal and state incentives to help offset the costs of going solar.

What kinds of solar loans are available?

There are a few different kinds of solar loans available to homeowners, depending on where you live.

Secured loans

Secured loans are often more affordable than unsecured loans because they have lower interest rates and are tax-deductible. However, this type of loan (for example, a home equity loan) does use your home as collateral, so you need to be sure that you can pay off the money.

An alternative to a home equity loan is an FHA Title 1 Secured Loan. This has a government guarantee, and instead of repossessing your home if you do not make the repayments, the outstanding amount is paid upon selling your house.

Unsecured loans

Unsecured loans may cost more, because there can be additional fees, the interest is higher, and you have no access to tax reductions. Similarly to credit cards and other loans, however, your home will not be used as collateral.

The penalty for non-payment is the negative impact on your credit card score.

PACE loans

A Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) loan is a straightforward financing option that is available to residents of California, Missouri, and Florida. PACE loans differ from solar loans as they tax assess your property.

Your payments for your solar system will show up along with your other property-related taxes on your tax assessment. Homeowners can benefit from this type of financing because, oftentimes, the first payment is not made for six months.

Your home is the only collateral on this type of loan, and it does not include any of your other assets. This means that they can be a little bit more expensive than other types of solar loans.

All in all, solar loans and leases are zero down. The monthly energy rates are lower than getting your electricity from the grid as usual. If you get a solar loan, once it’s paid off, thanks to the sun, your electricity really is free!

Community solar projects

Community solar is another great option for people who want to utilize solar energy with no upfront cost. Homeowners can simply sign a subscription agreement that says you will subscribe to a community solar project.

Then, the power of that facility will get credited to your electric bill as an offset. These programs are often a win-win, as they allow you to start saving money right away.

Free solar panels for seniors and low-income families

Solar panels are no longer just for the wealthy! Low-income families can also benefit from PPAs/solar leases and solar loans because there are no upfront costs, and savings are made every month compared to paying normal energy bills.

There are some specific low-income solar programs and initiatives happening across the United States which provide additional support for those on low incomes.

Similarly to low-income families, the best option for seniors wanting to go solar is to take out a solar loan or solar lease. Bear in mind that as a senior, if you are not paying tax, you may not receive the tax rebates that make solar loans such a great option.

Frequently asked questions about free solar panels

Let’s dive into the answers for a few of the most frequently asked questions on obtaining free solar panels.

How do solar panels work with my monthly electric bill?

Electricity generated using solar panels is fed back to the main grid. These systems will often use a net meter, which monitors the usage of electricity and keeps track of the units fed back into the grid.

How many solar panels would it take to power a house?

The average home in the U.S needs between 16 and 20 solar panels to cover its electric bills. Three main factors impact how many solar panels you need: your energy usage, the sunlight in your area, and the solar panels you choose.

Is the U.S. government giving away free solar panels?

We found no evidence of a federal program that provides free panels and incentive checks. Some homeowners may be eligible for tax credits related to solar panel installation, but that is not equivalent to a cash payment. We rate this claim False.

Can I sell my home in the middle of my solar lease or loan?

Sometimes, if you are mid-lease or loan, you can run into difficulty when putting your house up for sale.

If you financed your solar PV system with a secured loan, such as a home equity loan, you will need to pay off the rest of the balance before you sell, since your property was used as collateral for the loan.

If you financed your solar PV system with an unsecured loan (one that is not tied to your property), you can sell your home before paying off your loan — but you will still be responsible for paying off the loan.

Can free solar panels be installed on any home?

Not all homes are necessarily suitable for solar panels. If your roof is shaded all year round, you will not generate enough energy to power your home and you may need to purchase additional energy from the grid.

This means that solar power may not be the right option for your home, and you are better off trying to find a green energy provider if you want to power your home with more sustainable energy.

PVWatts is a useful tool that allows you to calculate how much energy your home could generate from solar power.

The final verdict on free solar panels

Although ‘free solar panels’ are not 100% free for most people, it is easier than ever to get solar panels today without paying a penny upfront. Solar leases/PPAs, solar loans, and community solar allow homeowners to install solar panels on their houses with zero down financing or no capital cost.

The bottom line is, although the description of free solar panels is a little misleading, if you take out a solar loan, solar panels are an investment that is sure to pay off over time.

Green Coast is a renewable energy and green living community focused on helping others live a better, more sustainable life.

TOP PICK

Renogy Voyager 20A PWM Waterproof Solar Charge Controller

Pros:

• Works with different types of batteries
• Excellent battery protection
• Waterproof

Cons:

• Need to set lithium parameters manually

Check Latest Price

6 best solar charge controllers for all kinds of systems

The right solar charge controller for you will depend on a wide range of factors, including the capacity of your solar array and the type of battery you have. Here are our top picks for systems of all kinds and sizes.

1. Renogy Voyager PWM Waterproof Solar Charge Controller

This waterproof charge controller is suitable for 12-volt off-grid applications such as cabins, boats, and RVs and offers five-stage PWM charging: soft-start, bulk, absorption, float, and equalization.

This charge controller is compatible with various types of batteries: sealed/AGM, gel, flooded and lithium batteries. This makes it much more versatile than many other PWM charge controllers, which is great if you already have a battery for your system.

The Renogy Voyager will protect your battery in a number of ways, including reverse polarity and battery connection, reverse current, over-temperature, and over-voltage protection. It also has a blue backlit LCD that displays system information and error codes, making it easy to manage your system and troubleshoot issues.

A key selling point of this PWM charge controller is that it is completely waterproof, so is ideal for boats and outdoor environments. It comes with a IP67 waterproof rating and will continue to perform optimally even when exposed to rain, spray, or condensation.

What we like:

• Versatile for use with multiple batteries: You can use this charge controller with a range of different types of batteries, so can be used for different kinds of systems.
• Excellent battery protection: It offers reverse polarity and battery connection, reverse current, over-temperature, and over-voltage protection, extending the life of your battery and meaning you’ll save money but not having to replace your battery so often.
• Waterproof: The charge controller is rated IP67 waterproof, so is perfect for boats and outdoor use.

What we don’t like:

• Need to set lithium parameters: Although this charge controller is compatible with lithium batteries, you’ll need to set the system voltage and appropriate parameters manually, which may be intimidating for beginners.

This IP67 waterproof charge controller is ideal for outdoor use, or anywhere that your system may experience spray or condensation.

2. Mohoo 30A PWM Solar Charge Controller With Dual USB Port

This PWM solar charge controller from Mohoo performs all the essential functions you need from this type of device at the fraction of the price of many of its competitors.

The charge controller will protect your battery against reverse discharge, as well as over and under voltage protection with its intelligent PWM charging mode. It’s easy to set-up and features a large LCD screen for system control and monitoring as well as dual built-in 12V/24V USB ports.

You can choose between three types of charge control: direct charge, boost charge, floating charge. Other features include a timer setting, light control, and 12V/24V automatic identification.

However, this charge controller does have certain limitations. It’s only compatible with certain lead-acid batteries, so you can’t use it with other types of storage like lithium or nickel-metal hydride batteries.

Additionally, it’s only designed to receive current from solar PV panels, so you can’t connect your system to DC power. This could be an issue for RVs and campers that want to be able to switch between solar and DC electricity depending on where they’re parked.

What we like:

• Affordable: This charge controller comes with a very affordable price tag, so is perfect for those on a budget.
• Dual USB port: With two built-in USB ports, you can charge your devices directly on the charge controller, which is great for more compact systems, like boats, RVs, and camping.
• User-friendly: The intuitive LCD display makes this charger controller easy to set up and use, so is great for those with little experience with solar systems.

What we don’t like:

• Limited applications: You can only use this charge controller with lead-acid batteries, and it’s only designed for solar PV systems, not DC electricity.

Although not the most complex or features-rich solar charge controller on the market, this no-frills device from Mohoo offers adequate protection to small solar systems at a very affordable price.

3. Outback Power Flexmax 80 MPPT Solar Charge Controller

This charge controller has an impressive voltage capacity of 150V so is perfect for large, off-grid systems. It can handle inputs up to 5000 Watts and currents up to 80 Amps, thanks to its intelligent thermal management feature.

This advanced MPPT charge controller can increase your solar system’s power output by up to 30% in all conditions, even on cloudy days and in low light, with a range of features like intelligent thermal management cooling. The versatile device is compatible with most types of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries and can charge batteries between 12V and 60V.

You can remotely program and monitor the charge controller using a MATE system display, which provides complete system integration. You’ll also be able to see data logs from the past 128 days on the controller’s built-in display, allowing you to track your system to optimize performance and identify issues.

However, all of these features and high voltage capacity come with a high price tag, and this is by far the most expensive product on this list.

What we like:

• Highly efficient: This charge controller will boost your system output by up to 30%, helping you to reduce or eliminate your reliance on the grid, and slash your power bills.
• Large capacity: With a voltage capacity of 150V and being capable of handling 5000 Watts, this device is suitable for very large solar arrays.
• Remote monitoring: This controller’s MATE system display allows you to monitor your system remotely, so you can ensure everything is performing optimally.

What we don’t like:

• It’s expensive: This charge controller involves a significant upfront investment, so may not be worth it unless you have a large solar system and need its advanced features.

If you’re building a large, off-grid system and need a reliable, versatile charge controller with a high voltage capacity, the Outback Flexmax 80 could well be worth the investment.

4. Victron Energy SmartSolar MPPT 30 Amp Solar Charge Controller

Victron is well-known for their quality, high-performing solar controllers with excellent tracking and monitoring systems. This 30 Amp charge controller has automatic battery voltage recognition, a flexible charge algorithm and temperature compensation to protect your batteries from overcharging or overheating.

It also offers ultra-fast maximum power point tracking as well as advanced maximum power point detection, helping the system to quickly adjust and maintain maximum output in partial shading. The versatile controller is compatible with gel, flooded, AGM, lithium-ion and LiFePO4 batteries.

Victron’s SmartSolar controllers have built-in Bluetooth that allows you to connect the device to their impressive Remote Management Portal. Using the portal, you can set up, update and monitor your system remotely, as well as get detailed historical info on your power output and usage.

However, the controller doesn’t have any kind of display screen, only three indicator lights to show the current status, so you’ll need to use the app to manage the device.

What we like:

• Remote monitoring app: Victron’s SmartSolar app is renowned for its usability and detailed reporting data, allowing you to track your system performance and get the most out of your solar panels.
• Compatible with different kinds of batteries: You can use this controller with a variety of different types of batteries, including lithium-ion batteries.
• Customizable: Victron allows you to customize a wide variety of settings, so you can adjust this to meet your needs or for a custom battery.

What we don’t like:

• No display screen: The charge controller doesn’t have any kind of display screen, so you’ll need to do everything through the app.

The Victron SmartSolar 30 Amp charge controller is an efficient, reliable solution with excellent monitoring functions. It’s an excellent option for all mid-size solar systems, but especially self-contained setups like RVs and campers.

Victron also offers 20-Amp and 50-Amp models with very similar features and functions.

5. EPEVER 40A MPPT Solar Charge Controller

One of the most affordable MPPT charge controllers on the market, this high-quality product boasts an impressive tracking efficiency of 99.5% and a peak conversion efficiency of 98%. Designed to optimize battery life and improve the overall system performance, it will protect your battery against reverse polarity, overcharging, over-discharging, overload, short-circuiting and reverse current.

It also offers four-stage charging, temperature compensation, automatic 12V/24V system voltage identification and multiple load work modes.

The charge controller is compatible with various deep cycle battery types, including sealed, gel, flooded, and lithium batteries, and has a real-time energy statistics function that helps you monitor your system and quickly address any issues.

One thing that makes this charge controller stand out is its ultra-fast tracking speed thanks to the device’s advanced MPPT control algorithm. This means that it quickly adapts when different parts of your panels receive more or less light, minimizing power loss time due to shading.

On the downside, some online reviewers complain that it is not very user-friendly and, in particular, that it’s difficult to program, with poor instructions.

What we like:

• Value for money: As one of the cheapest MPPT charge controllers available, this quality product offers excellent value for money.
• Fast tracking speed: With advanced, fast tracking, the charger quickly adapts to low light conditions, so can give you extra power when moving in and out of shading.
• Versatile: This charge controller will work with sealed, gel, flooded, and lithium batteries, giving you the freedom to choose virtually any kind of battery.

What we don’t like:

• Not user-friendly: With some users complaining that the charge controller is challenging to set up and program, this may not be the best choice for beginners.

You may need to do some groundwork to get this charge controller setup, especially if you don’t have a lot of experience with solar systems. However, overall this is a highly-efficient, reliable charge MPPT controller that offers excellent value for money and will help you to maximize your system output.

6. Renogy Rover MPPT 20 Amp Solar Charge Controller

Renogy Rover series of MPPT charge controllers offer highly efficient charging for 12V and 24V off-grid solar systems. This solar charge controller uses powerful smart tracking technology to maximize your battery’s charging process, along with multiple battery, controller, and solar protections.

Its advanced MPPT technology offers up to 99% high tracking efficiency and 96% conversion efficiency. Features include 12V/24V automatic system recognition, lithium-reawakening, as well as overcharging, over-discharging, reverse polarity, overload, and over-temperature protection.

The controller also has a backlit LCD display that shows system information and error codes, with four deep cycle battery presets: gel, flooded, lithium-ion phosphate (12.8V), and sealed/AGM.

The set includes the Rover 20 A MPPT charge controller and a temperature sensor, which will help to protect your equipment and avoid damaging your battery.

However, some reviewers have expressed concern that the controller is not very robust. In particular, they complain about the tiny, flimsy input terminals that could be prone to breaking if you don’t handle them with care.

What we like:

• Temperature sensor: The kit comes with a temperature sensor which will prevent your battery from overheating, protecting your equipment and keeping you safe.
• Highly efficient: Like other quality MPPT charge controllers, this product offers extremely-high tracking and conversion efficiency, allowing you to get the maximum amount of power from your solar system.
• Affordable: The controller has a range of advanced features while being relatively inexpensive for an MPPT controller.

What we don’t like:

• Small input terminals: The charge controller’s input terminals are pretty small and not very robust, so could break if not handled carefully.

Although it may not have the most robust construction, this MPPT charge controller offers an impressive range of advanced features for a reasonable price. This efficient, features-packed MPPT charge controller and temperature sensor will allow you to get the most out of your system and protect your battery, particularly from overheating.

Buying guide: what you should know about solar charge controllers

If you’re building a solar system, you’re probably mostly focused on what type of solar panels and battery you should buy. However, don’t overlook the importance of a charge controller: this humble device plays a critical role in any solar set up.

Solar charge controllers are essential for regulating and managing your battery charging process, helping to protect your equipment and keep your system (and you) safe.

Why you need a solar charge controller

Unless you’re using a simple, portable solar panel to charge your cell phone directly, or a ready-made solar trickle charger, your solar system will need some kind of battery.

A battery allows you to store the sun’s energy for later, so that you can use it when there’s not much light, such as on cloudy days or overnight. This is especially important if you’re fully relying on solar power, such as in off-grid systems, boats, or RVs.

A charge controller is an essential piece of equipment that regulates the flow of energy between your solar panel and its battery.

In essence, a charge controller makes sure that your battery doesn’t receive too much current, and that it doesn’t lose too much charge. Let’s take a closer look at why it’s important not to overcharge your battery.

Why you need to avoid overcharging your battery

Overcharging your battery doesn’t mean overfilling it, but rather giving it too much current. Charge in this sense refers to the amount of current that is sent to the battery.

This is because batteries operate through chemical reactions that reverse their negative and positive charges. When we send an electrical current to a battery, this reverses the electrical state, or charge, that the battery obtains when it is discharged.

When we talk about overcharging, it’s not like charging your cell phone battery, but rather introducing too much current, or electricity, to the battery.

Given that 12-volt batteries can handle a maximum voltage of 14.4 volts and you can expect the current from your solar panel to be 20 volts upwards, which is multiplied if you have more than one panel, the current needs to be regulated between the solar panel and the battery.

Even if you have a 12-volt solar panel, this doesn’t mean you can connect it directly to a 12-volt battery. Most solar panels put out much more power than their nominal voltage, around 19 volts in standard test conditions of 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees F) and the voltage output increases the colder it gets.

As you can probably imagine, sending too much electricity to a battery can have a range of adverse effects, from causing the battery to get too warm, to making it melt or even explode. Therefore, a charge controller is an essential part of your solar system that not only helps to ensure everything performs well, but also protects your equipment and your safety.

How solar charge controllers work

Most modern charge controllers work by allowing current to flow through the battery in different stages, depending on the charge level.

Four-stage charge controllers are one of the most common systems, with these four stages:

• Bulk: When the battery is empty, the controller will charge the batteries with full current.

• Absorption: As the battery charges and reaches a certain voltage, the controller slows the current down to safe levels.

• Float: Once the battery is full, it receives only a trickle charge at low voltage to keep the battery topped up without overheating.

• Equalization: Only used on flooded batteries, this process involves periodic high voltage charge boosts to “shake-up” the electrolytes in the battery, smooth the voltage of the cells and complete the relevant chemical reactions.

Things to consider when buying a charge controller

There is a huge range of solar charge controllers available, with a large number of different specifications and features. Solar charge controllers can also vary greatly in price, so it can be difficult to know which product is right for you.

Here are some key things in mind to find the right solar charge controller for your system.

1. The type of solar charge controller

The first thing you’ll notice when shopping for solar charge controllers is that there are two main types: PWM and MPPT controllers. So what is the difference exactly?

Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) solar charge controllers

PWM charge controllers work by gradually reducing the current flow as the battery nears a full state. Once the battery is fully-charged, the controller maintains a “trickle” state, supplying a small and constant amount of power to keep the battery at maximum voltage.

PWM solar charge controllers work with the same current voltage flowing in both directions, so the nominal voltage of your battery bank must match that of your solar panel system.

These types of charge controllers are generally much more affordable than MPPT charge controllers, but also typically have a much lower voltage capacity. For most PWMs, you’ll be limited to a maximum of 400 watts for your entire solar array, so are only suitable for smaller solar systems.

Additionally, not all PWM controllers have a temperature sensor, so you will need to buy one separately or risk damaging your equipment.

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar charge controllers

MPPT charge controllers are more sophisticated than PWMs, but they also involve a significantly higher upfront investment. This type of controller works by adjusting their input to extract the maximum amount of power from your solar system, and they can also vary their output to match that of the battery.

MPPT controllers protect your battery like a PWM, and will also reduce the inflow to your battery bank as it comes close to capacity. They can work with panels and batteries with different voltages, are up to 30% more efficient than PWM controllers, and are generally compatible with a range of different types of batteries.

This type of charge controller is recommended for larger solar arrays, as they may not be cost-effective for homes and RVs with lower solar power needs. Having said that, they offer better conversion rates, especially in cloudy conditions and cold winter climates.

Furthermore, for larger systems with lots of wiring, using a MPPT controller can help you save on wire costs, allowing you to set up a series connection rather than a parallel connection that uses thinner wires.

2. Maximum voltage and current

Another important aspect to check is the controller’s capacity, which tells you how much voltage and current it can handle. Solar charge controller’s maximum voltage can range from 12V up to 150V for the most powerful devices.

Equally, maximum input ranges from as low as 8A for RV charge controllers to 80A for high capacity models.

To determine the capacity of charge controller you need, you’ll need to do a few calculations that consider not only the capacity of your solar panels and how many panels you have, but also other influencing factors, such as the temperatures your panels will be exposed to.

It’s important to work this out pretty accurately, as you need a controller that can handle the amount of current in your system in order to make use of all of the power produced by your panels. Equally, you don’t want to overestimate the voltage and Amps you need, as the price is usually proportional to the controller’s capacity.

The video below breaks down how you can calculate what size controller you need.

3. Battery compatibility

Most controllers can be connected to 12V or 24V batteries, but some are only suitable for 12V batteries. Other, more powerful charge controllers, can charge batteries of up to 60V.

Additionally, some charge controllers are only compatible with certain types of batteries, so it’s important to check this also. Most PWMs are only compatible with lead-acid batteries, such as gel, sealed and flooded batteries. MPPTs can typically work with all of these battery types as well as the lithium variety.

Finally, depending on your needs, you may need to check how easy it is to program the controller with a custom profile. If you’re building a custom battery, you’re best going for a charge controller that you can program to meet your needs like the Victron Energy SmartSolar MPPT 30 Amp Solar Charge Controller.

4. Load control

Solar charge controllers can shut down system output automatically if the battery charge gets too low. This prevents extreme discharging, which can permanently and severely damage your battery.

If you want to be able to turn the load off at any time, look for a charge controller with manual load control. Investing in a solar charge controller with a load controller could save you tons of money in the long run, as you won’t need to invest in a pricey new battery.

5. Temperature compensation

This function ensures that the controller will reduce the voltage if the battery temperature gets too hot. This feature involves an external temperature sensor that may come with the controller, or you may need to buy separately.

A temperature sensor is an essential feature to protect your equipment and avoid damaging your battery and shortening its life. It’s standard with most MPPT charge controllers, such as the EPEVER 40A MPPT Solar Charge Controller or Renogy Rover MPPT 20 Amp Solar Charge Controller.

Although a charge controller with temperature compensation may involve a higher upfront investment, this will also save you money in the long run as you won’t need to buy a new battery as often.

6. System monitoring and control

Finally, one of the key features to look for in a charge controller is whether you can monitor and control your solar system. Many charge controllers allow you to check the status of your battery, how much power is produced by the panel and other key performance data.

Most solar charge controllers have a simple LCD display that shows you basic info. Some, like Victron Energy SmartSolar MPPT 30 Amp Solar Charge Controller, can connect to an app on your smartphone via Bluetooth for more detailed info and better systems control.

Final thoughts

A solar charge controller is an essential part of any solar system, protecting your battery, and helping to make sure you get the most out of your solar panels.

If you need a fairly simple charge controller for a smaller solar system, take a look at a PWM controller like the Renogy Voyager PWM Waterproof Solar Charge Controller. If you’re looking for a more advanced controller for a medium to large set up, consider the Victron Energy SmartSolar MPPT 30 Amp Solar Charge Controller, or for a really large solar array, we’d recommend the Outback Power Flexmax 80 MPPT Solar Charge Controller.

Whatever product you go for, just be sure to consider the capacity you need, the battery you’re going to use, features like temperature compensation, and system monitoring.

If you’ve enjoyed this roundup of the best solar charge controllers, take a look at our guides to the best flexible solar panels and how to test a solar panel.

70 of the best electricity puns & jokes

Here is a list of the best jokes about electricity.

Funny electrical jokes

Although we take electricity as an all-serious affair, there are numerous jokes about electricity that are really rib-cracking. Some of these jokes include:

1. “What do electricians chant when they meditate?”

2. “My wife said to me that the spark between us had gone. So, I tasered her, and I’ll ask her again when she wakes up.”

3. “A superconductor walks into a bar. The bartender says, “Get out! We don’t serve your kind here.”

4. “My electrician friend accidentally blew the power to the ice-making factory. Now they’ve gone into liquidation.”

5. “I finally managed to get rid of that nasty electrical charge I’ve been carrying. I’m ex-static!”

6. “What kind of car does an electrician drive? A Volts-wagon.”

7. “What is an electrician’s favorite flavor of ice cream? Shock-a-lot.”

8. “Just opened my water bill and my electricity bill at the same time… I was shocked.”

9. “A dangerous surge of electricity walks into a bar. The barman says, “Why the long phase?”

10. “A sweater I bought was picking up static electricity. So, I returned it to the store. They gave me another one free of charge.”

11. “People asked me how it feels when you stick your finger in an electrical outlet? To be honest, it Hertz.”

12. “What is the difference between lightning and electricity. For electricity, you need to pay, but lightning kills for free.”

13. “I caught my friend harassing some electricity. I told him it was an abuse of power.”

14. “You’re a unit of electrical energy, Harry.” “I’m a watt?”

15. “A wind turbine saw a solar panel at an energy convention. He leaned in and shouted, “Hey, I’m a big fan!”

One-liner electric puns

If you are not a fan of reading through long texts, this is your section. These short electricity puns will make that face to light up.

16. “The superconductor left without resistance.”

17. “If you plant a light bulb in your garden, does it grow into a power plant?”

18. “Where do electricians get their supplies? The Ohm Depot.”

19. “I finally managed to get rid of that nasty electrical charge I’ve been carrying. I’m ex-static!”

20. “What do you call a bad electrician? A shock absorber!”

21. “The guy who got arrested for eating batteries…. He is to be charged in the morning.”

22. “Why are the electricians always up to date? Because they are ‘current specialists.”

23. “I can’t afford to pay for electricity anymore; these are some dark times.”

24. “Even the most intelligent people can’t survive a day without electricity, like Stephen Hawking.”

25. “I really have to force myself to get through this book on friction.”

26. “Electric razors are the best thing since sliced beard.”

27. “Why did the electrician marry his colleague? He couldn’t resistor.”

Funny electrical questions and answers

27. “What is a Jedi electrician’s favorite tool? His lightsaber”

28. “Why did the electrical cords break up? There was no spark between them.”

29. “What did Communists use to light their houses before candles? Electricity.”

30. “What would a barefoot man get if he stepped on an electric fence? A pair of shocks.”

31. “Why did the man eat the light bulb? He was hoping it would give him a bright idea.”

32. “What penalty in hockey uses the most amount of energy? A power play.”

33. “Why are environmentalists attracted to electricity? It’s natural.”

34. “What is the energy provider’s favorite dance? The electric slide.”

35. “Why did the light bulb fail his math quiz? He wasn’t too bright.”

36. “What football team do energy providers root for the most? The Chargers.”

37. “Why did the monk meditate with a light bulb? He hoped it would help him to reach enlightenment.”

38. “What do power strips always say at their high school reunions? I haven’t seen you in light-years.

39. “Where do light bulbs go shopping? The outlet stores.”

40. “What kind of plant generates the most energy? A power plant.”

41. “Why is wind power popular? Because it has a lot of fans!”

42. “What did the light bulb say to the generator? ‘I really get a charge out of you!”

43. “What do you call a worm that chews up power cords? An electro-maggot.”

44. “Why did the lights go out? Because they liked each other!”

45. “Why do fluorescent lights hum? Because they can’t remember the words.”

46. “What did the light bulb say to the electric generator? You spark up my life!”

47. “What would you call a power failure? A current event.”

Physics electricity puns

48. “My physics teacher said I had potential; then he pushed me off a building.”

49. “What do you call when a metal shares the negative energy to his non-metal best friend? Anionic bonding moment.”

50. “My physics teacher told me I had so much potential, so much energy. Then I fell down the stairs and lost it all.”

51. “A photon checks into a hotel when the bellhop asks, ‘Would you like help with your luggage?’ The photon replies, “I don’t have any. I always travel light.”

52. “You must have a charge because I am finding myself feeling very attracted to you.”

53. “Sir Isaac Newton was sitting under a tree one fine day, trying to figure out how gravity works. And then it hit him.”

54. “A neutron walks into a bar and asks, ‘How much for a drink?’ The bartender replies, “For you, no charge.”

55. “What happens when electrons lose their energy? They get Bohr’ed.”

56. “Why can’t you trust an atom? They make up everything.”

57. “I’m hung like a Foucault pendulum.”

58. “I really have to force myself to get through this book on friction.”

59. “You are like an electron, and I am like a proton. And they say that opposites attract.”

60. “I was sacked from my job as an electrician at the prison service for refusing to repair an electric chair. I told them it was a death trap.”

61. This electrician arrives home at 3 am. His wife asks him, “Wire you, insulate?” He replies, “Watt’s it to you? I’m Ohm, aren’t I?”

62. What is the difference between lightning and electricity? For electricity, you need to pay, but lightning kills for free.

Kinetic energy puns

63. “Let’s convert our potential energy into kinetic energy.”

64. “I had to create a report on how wind energy is produced. It was a breeze.”

65. “In my Science class, we were talking about Kinetic and Potential Energy. I said out loud, ‘No wonder my mom calls me Kinetic.’ Because I have no Potential.”

66. “Don’t kill your wife with work. Let the electricity do it.”

67. “If there was no gravity on this planet, I would still fall for you.”

68. “My tight-fisted neighbor doesn’t want to pay for an electrician to re-wire his house, so he’s going to try and do it himself. ‘How hard can it be?’ he said. I think he’s in for a shock.”

Story-based electricity puns

69. An engineer, a physicist, a mathematician, and a mystic were asked to name the greatest invention of all times.

The engineer chose a fire, which gave humanity power over matter.

The physicist chose the wheel, which gave humanity the power over space.

The mathematician chose the alphabet, which gave humanity power over symbols.

The mystic chose the thermos bottle.

“Why a thermos bottle?” the others asked.

“Because the thermos keeps hot liquids hot in winter and cold liquids cold in summer.”

“Yes — so what?”

“Think about it.” said the mystic reverently. That little bottle — how does it know?’”

The electrician replies, ”Funny, when I was an attorney, I didn’t either!”

70. A chemist, a biologist, and an electrical engineer had all been sentenced to death and were on death row waiting to go to the electric chair.

Finally, the day had arrived. The chemist was due to go first.

As he strapped him in, the executioner asked him, “Do you have anything you want to say?”

The chemist replied, “No,” so the executioner flicked the switch, but nothing happened. According to this State’s law, if an execution attempt fails, the prisoner has to be released. So, the chemist was unstrapped and allowed to walk free.

It was the biologist’s turn next.

As he was being strapped in, the executioner asked him, “Do you have anything you want to say?”

The biologist replied, “No, just get on with it,” so the executioner flicked the switch, but once again, nothing happened. So, just like the chemist, the biologist was released.

Then the electrical engineer was brought forward.

The executioner asked him, “Do you have anything you want to say?”

The engineer replied, “Yes. If you swap the red and the blue wires over, you might just make this thing work.”

Like these puns and jokes? Check out our interesting facts about electricity to help spur your knowledge.

Do you know any good electricity puns?

Electricity matters don’t have to be all about serious warnings and shock alerts. You can be shocked at how interesting and humorous it can become sometimes.

I hope that this list of electricity puns, put a smile on your face at least, if not total laughter.

What other funny electricity puns can you think of? Kindly share it with us below.

When trying to solar charge batteries, it is essential first to understand the several steps involved and the essential components that must also be there for the charging process to occur.

Main Stages Involved in Charging a Solar Battery

Here are the four main stages involved in solar battery charging basics that one needs to comprehend when charging batteries using solar energy:

1. The Bulk phase (first stage)

The bulk phase is primarily the initial stage of charging a battery using solar energy. This first stage starts when the sun shines or when the generator is turned on.

The bulk phase will initiate when the battery reaches a low-charge stage, and that is usually when the charge is below 80%.

In this stage, the solar panel puts into the cell as much amperage as possible. The voltage in the batteries rises gradually as they absorb the electricity.

See Related: DIY Solar Generator Guide

2. Absorb Stage (second stage)

The second stage of battery charging is known as the absorb stage. This stage is achieved when the batteries reach a charge of 14.4 to 14.8 volts or when the charge level is between 80 to 90% full.

Primarily, when the batteries reach this charge percentage, it enters into the absorb stage which also depends on the charge rate.

The above charge rate is basically for lead-acid batteries. The second stage halts as soon as the number of amps entering the batteries reaches a certain number that is pre-set or the programmed time elapses.

3. The Float stage (third stage)

The third stage comes immediately after the absorb stage. This stage is initiated when the charge controller lowers the voltage to a specific pre-set value. The float stage is achieved when the batteries reach a charge level of 100%. It is essential for you to know how to program your controller well.

4. The Equalization stage (fourth stage)

The final stage or the Equalization stage is a controlled overcharge stage which is done periodically.

The process of charging batteries using solar energy or the photovoltaic is different from using the mains power and needs to be approached differently. The difference occurs since the initial energy from the sun is not always available, or it comes in fewer amounts than the required.

The low costs of photovoltaic solar modules and its increasing efficiency are increasing the demand for this kind of renewable energy.

Components to a Solar Charging System

Some of the vital components of a solar charging system include:

1. Solar Panels

One of the essential components of the solar charging system is the solar panel. A solar panel is a device that is designed to absorb sunlight to generate electricity or heating power. It is the component that helps collect energy from direct sunlight and then converts it into electricity.

There are several types of solar panels. The three most common types are Monocrystalline cells, polycrystalline cells and amorphous or thin-film solar cell. It is essential to understand the basic features including the watts, cost and space you require before you decide the one to pick.

Here is help on how to build your own solar system.

2. Solar Charge Controller

The solar power generated by the solar panel is received by the solar charge controller. A solar charge controller is a component that helps manage the power that is going into the battery store from the solar panel.

It safeguards the deep cycle batteries from being overcharged during the day. It also ensures that power does not go back towards the solar panels overnight which can drain the batteries.

Solar charge controllers’ primary function is to manage power, but it may offer additional capabilities including load control and lighting. Thus, when the solar charge controller receives the solar supply, it then regulates the electricity and current directed to the batteries to ensure proper battery charging occurs.

A quality photovoltaic charge controller must have the pre-defined charge modes suit for each type of battery including flooded lead acid or AGM. It is vital to ensure that the input current and maximum voltage ratings are higher than the output of the solar array feeding it when selecting a solar charge controller.

There are numerous charge controller options to choose from including professionally configured solar panel or the charge controller kits that can help ensure that your components will work well together.

When charging batteries with solar energy, one should use a controller when the rated amperage of the solar panel is above 1% of the battery capacity. It is essentially the rule of the thumb for this procedure.

There are two main types of controllers in the market which include on/off and Pulse Width Module (PWM).

The On/off controller switches the power from solar panel off when the voltage of the battery reaches a preset level. It also turns it on when the voltage drops.

PWM controller is different as it allows the voltage to continually rise and then maintain it at a level that is high but steady.

3. Power Inverter

Another vital element is the power inverter. A power inverter is an electrical apparatus that helps convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).

It is not part of the solar charging system but a primary add-on element that changes 12 v DC power to 120 v AC to power AC components and channels in your RV.

4. 12 Volt Battery Bank

The battery acts as a storage bank for the power generated from the solar panels. The cells can either be 12 v or 6 v deep cycle batteries provided that the output is 12 volts.

5. Battery Monitoring System

Another optional piece of equipment is the battery monitoring system. The battery monitoring system monitors functions involving battery voltage measurement, load activity and charge status.

It also controls the charging and discharging processes of the battery to prevent it from over-charging or under-charging to increase its shelf life.

6. Wiring

Copper wiring is another crucial element. Be sure to have copper wires with different thicknesses that help you connect the solar panels, batteries, charge controller, and an inverter.

7. Cutoff Switches

Cutoff switches are connected between various components to disconnect the elements for safety and maintenance reasons effortlessly.

8. Fuses

The last but not the least components are high amperage fuses of between 100 Amp and 250 Amp. The fuses are required to prevent electrical faults and component damage and are usually placed between the battery and the inverter connections.

Now you know how a solar system works to charge a battery

Solar battery charging basics are essential to anyone using solar energy system to help them understand how to use a solar panel to charge a battery. I hope this article has offered you valuable solar battery charging basics insights.

What do you think of our solar battery charging basics and instructions? Please let us know if you found our definition helpful.

Solaredge review: the best SolarEdge products

SolarEdge is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of solar power inverters and accessories for homes and businesses. They offer a range of PV inverters, power optimizers, smart modules, and batteries.

The brand aims to offer complete solar systems that you can easily manage through their smartphone app, so you can harvest the sun’s renewable energy to run your home, business, or even car, with SolarEdge’s EV charging solar system.

Here are our picks for the best SolarEdge products for your home or commercial solar system.

1. SolarEdge Single-Phase Inverter With HD-Wave Technology

SolarEdge is a pioneer in single-phase inverters with HD-wave technology. These DC-optimized PV inverters allow you to manage your system energy, battery storage, and other smart energy products.

This single-phase inverter can deliver up to 99% weighted efficiency, helping you process as much solar power as possible and get the maximum energy from your solar system.

These types of inverters also have a lower heat dissipation than many alternative products, helping to optimize performance and reduce the risk of equipment failure or malfunction.

This means you can enjoy steady, reliable power without worrying about your electricity dropping due to the system overheating. You can also be confident that your equipment will last for years, so you won’t have the expense of costly repairs or have to invest in new equipment.

In the unlikely event that something goes wrong with the inverter, you’re covered by SolarEdge’s standard 12-year warranty, which you can choose to extend to 20 or 25 years.

The inverter is rated for maximum AC power output of 6000 watts and input of over 9000 watts, which is suitable for home solar systems with multiple solar panels. It has a powerful DSP processor, which helps to make the inverter small and lightweight, weighing just over 26 pounds, which is great if you want to install it yourself.

Unlike many comparable products, this inverter doesn’t have a display screen. Although you may be worried this makes it less user-friendly, the company says this reduces the risk of faults and increases the product’s life expectancy.

Furthermore, you can set up and control the inverter through SolarEdge’s app, allowing you to manage all settings and track your system from your smartphone or another device.

What we like:

• Highly efficient: With 99% weighted efficiency, you’ll enjoy maximum power output from your solar panels, which is great if you only have a limited amount of roof space.
• Reliable: The inverter has low heat dissipation, so it is less likely to overheat, meaning you’ll enjoy uninterrupted power and won’t need to repair or replace your equipment.
• Easy to install and use: This compact and lightweight inverter is easy to install and simple to manage using SolarEdge’s smartphone app.
• Extendable warranty: The product comes with an impressive 12-year warranty, that you can choose to extend up to 25 years, giving you peace of mind that in the unlikely event you experience any issues, the inverter will be repaired or replaced.

What we don’t like:

• No display screen: Although you can manage your system through the app, some people may miss the ability to control the inverter using a display interface.

Like all SolarEdge optimizers, this product is specifically designed to work with the brand’s power optimizers, making it easy to set up a reliable, efficient solar system at home.

2. SolarEdge Three-Phase 20KW String Inverter

Along with single-phase solar inverters, SolarEdge also offers a range of three-phase inverters, which convert the DC power coming from the solar panels into AC power in a different way. While single-phase inverters connect to the solar panels’ power and export it in a single phase, a three-phase inverter does this across three stages.

Generally, home solar systems use single-phase inverters, as most houses only have a single-phase connection, while larger commercial systems make use of three-phase inverters. This is because commercial facilities are more likely to be set up for three phases of power and can therefor send out greater amounts of uninterrupted power.

This three-phase inverter is rated to 20 KW of power output, making it ideal for commercial and industrial home solar systems. The inverter uses fixed-voltage technology that allows you to create longer DC strings, making the system more straightforward and affordable to install, which is great for anyone on a budget.

These inverters are designed to shut down the system when they detect excessive heat automatically or if they disconnect from the grid. This helps to keep installers and firefighters safe in the event of a fire or electrical fault and promotes everyone’s safety.

The product is designed to work in a wide range of temperatures, from -13F to +140F, so it’s suitable for all kinds of commercial and industrial installations subject to extreme weather.

Like SolarEdge’s single-phase inverters, this product is also covered by a 12-year warranty that is extendable to 20 or 25 years.

What we like:

• Powerful: This inverter is rated for up to 20 KW of power out, so can handle larger commercial and industrial solar systems. This means it’s great for those looking for something more powerful than a home-use inverter.
• Safety features: The inverter will automatically detect very high temperatures and shut down the system, for better safety and security.
• Suitable for extreme temperatures: The inverter can operate in extreme hot and cold conditions, making it suitable for a wide range of facilities and applications.

What we don’t like:

• Not suitable for home use: As most households are not set up for three-phase AC power, this inverter is typically only suitable for commercial use.

As with other items in this SolarEdge review, you can connect the inverter to the brand’s user-friendly app, to analyze your system’s performance, check for errors, and troubleshoot issues. This includes being able to check each panel individually to spot any problems.

3. SolarEdge P320 Add-On Power Optimizer

Power optimizers, or Module Level Power Electronics (MLPE), are power conversion devices that connect directly to an individual solar panel. These devices are designed to maximize energy flow from your panel to the rest of the system, so you get the most out of your panel.

SolarEdge’s power optimizers are DC/DC converters, meaning that, unlike an inverter or microinverter, they don’t change the type of current. Instead, they track the PV unit’s Maximum Power Point (MPP), tracking performance, and helping you ensure that your panels are producing as much energy as possible.

They deliver an incredible 99.5% peak efficiency and 98.8% weighted efficiency. This means that you’ll be able to use almost all of the energy generated by your solar panels.

You’ll then need to connect the optimizer to a solar inverter in order to convert the current to AC so that it can power your home appliances and devices.

SolarEdge’s optimizers are designed to work with their inverters, allowing you to build a reliable, high-performing, and efficient solar system.

Once you’ve installed a power optimizer on your solar panels, you’ll be able to track the performance of each via the SolarEdge app. If you spot any issues or deterioration in performance of any of your panels, you can swiftly address the problem and get your system back to optimal levels.

You can also use this monitoring system to ensure timely maintenance, which, in turn, will let you extend the life of your panels. This means you won’t need to replace your equipment so often, representing significant savings over the long term.

All of SolarEdge’s power optimizers come with a unique SafeDC feature that reduces DC voltage to safe levels in the case of a power outage or if the inverter shuts down. This helps to avoid the risks of electric shock or fire, keeping you and your family safe.

This P320 power optimizer is rated for 320W of DC input, meaning it can be used with solar panels up to 320 watts, which covers most residential solar panels. However, you’ll need a high-rated product for more powerful solar panels.

It’s designed to maintain a fixed-string voltage, so it is suitable to work with string inverters and central inverters, giving you a high degree of flexibility and setting up the optimal system for you.

What we like:

• Direct monitoring: With a power optimizer on every solar panel, you can use SolarEdge’s monitoring app to check the performance of each unit and troubleshoot issues, allowing you to ensure your system is functioning at peak levels all the time.
• Versatile: Thanks to its fixed string voltage, you can use the optimizer in systems with a central inverter, or string inverters.
• Safe: The inverter has a built-in safety feature to shut down DC power in the event of power disruptions, minimizing the risk of electric shocks or electrical fires.

What we don’t like:

• Not suitable for very powerful solar panels: You can only use this optimizer with panels up to 320W, though this will serve most solar panels used for home use.

This power optimizer is a great option if you have a solar system with either a central inverter or a series of string inverters. You can also consider using microinverters, where the inverter and optimizer are integrated in a single unit attached to each solar panel.

However, SolarEdge doesn’t offer these types of products, so you’ll need to look to brands like Enphase if you want to go in that direction.

4. SolarEdge Single-Phase Inverter With EV Charger

SolarEdge’s EV charging single-phase inverter is one of the brand’s stand-out products, being the world’s first two-in-one EV charger and solar inverter. You can plug your electric vehicle directly into the device and charge it using solar power.

This is arguably the most eco-friendly way to run your vehicle, with no reliance on fossil fuels or even biofuels. It also means you won’t have to worry about finding a charging station or relying on grid electricity: you’ll always have power for your vehicle.

Like SolarEdge’s other inverters, the unit comes with 99% conversion efficiency, allowing you to optimize your energy flow and use as much of the sun’s energy as possible to charge your EV. It’s also backed up by the same HD-Wave technology, making it highly reliable.

Not only this, but it charges two and a half times faster than standard EV chargers, so your car will be up and running again in record time, which is great for people who use their EVs frequently with little downtime in between.

With compact dimensions and a weight of less than 25 pounds, the unit is easy to install, and you shouldn’t have any problems finding space for it in your home garage.

The inverter/charger wirelessly connects to SolarEdge’s monitoring app, so you can easily check or control the charging process from anywhere, as long as you have your smartphone with you. This means you can even switch on charging or turn it off when you’re out, so your vehicle will be ready to go when you get home!

The app gives you a complete picture of how long your car needs to charge, how much energy it’s using, as well as grid consumption.

What we like:

• Integrated inverter and charger: As an all-in-one solution, you don’t need to invest in a separate inverter and charger, meaning you’ll save on space and costs.
• Highly efficient: The inverter converts up to 99% of the energy from your solar panels into fuel for your vehicle, meaning you’ll be able to run your car for longer.
• Fast charging: The charging station charges your EV faster than most EV chargers, meaning less time waiting around, so you can get going!

What we don’t like:

• Fixed unit: You need to install the unit in a fixed spot, so you can only charge your car when you’re at home. However, until mobile solar EV chargers become available, this is probably the best solution for charging your EV on solar.

This product can also act as a regular solar inverter. So, even if you don’t own an EV but are planning to in the future, you could opt for this inverter/charger to meet your current energy needs and be ready for your future electric vehicle.

SolarEdge buying guide

Buying inverters, optimizers, and other solar system accessories can be confusing, especially if you’re new to the world of solar power. In the following section, we’ll take a look at the advantages of SolarEdge products, as well as what you should look for when buying their products.

Let’s start by taking a closer look at the brand.

What is SolarEdge?

SolarEdge Technologies is the third-largest manufacturer of inverters globally, behind electronic giants Huawei and Sungrow. The Israel-based company is also long-established in the industry, having offered smart energy products since 2006.

Their products use a different functionality compared to many of their competitors. While other companies use microinverters (small combined inverters and optimizers on each solar panel), SolarEdge separates these functions into two different units.

Instead, you have a power optimizer on each panel, which connects to a single central inverter or a series of string inverters.

Benefits and drawbacks of using separate inverters and optimizers

Having said that, SolarEdge has addressed these issues to at least some extent, which is why it is worth considering their products.

Why you should consider SolarEdge products

Although systems with separate inverters and optimizers typically are less efficient than using microinverters, SolarEdge has closed this gap somewhat with their high-quality products. SolarEdge inverters and optimizers offer around 99% conversion efficiency, meaning you’ll lose only a minimal amount of energy when running the current through each component.

Equally, these setups can involve high risks of fire or electrical problems because they run DC wiring between the panel and the optimizer. However, SolarEdge’s products come with built-in safety features that will shut down your system as soon as they detect any anomalies, increasing safety.

Overall, SolarEdge’s systems offer a safer, more efficient inverter and optimizer solution for a more affordable price tag than investing in microinverters.

SolarEdge monitoring platform

When you buy any SolarEdge product, you’ll get access to their monitoring platform, which is another huge benefit. The platform allows you to update system settings as well as monitor PV performance, all done wirelessly from a user-friendly smartphone app.

The app also lets you identify faults at the module, string, and system levels, so you can immediately detect and resolve any issues. This allows you to avoid safety risks or equipment damage and ensure that your system is running at optimal levels at all times.

You just need to download it from Google Play or the iTunes App Store, connect your SolarEdge inverter and power optimizer, and you’re good to go!

What to keep in mind when buying SolarEdge inverters and optimizers

So you’ve decided that SolarEdge is right for you, but how do you choose between their wide range of products? Here are a few things to keep in mind when buying the brand’s inverters and optimizers.

What are your energy requirements?

As with buying any solar equipment, starting with your energy requirements is important. If you already have solar panels installed, you’ll need to consider the DC output of each panel before buying a corresponding optimizer and the overall DC input/AC output of the entire system to determine the capacity of the inverter you’ll need.

On the other hand, if you’re setting up your system from scratch, you should start by calculating your energy needs. You can then use this to decide how many panels you need and the capacity of the optimizers and inverter you’ll require.

Is your system for home or commercial use?

Home and commercial solar systems have quite different functionalities, and so need different equipment, especially when it comes to inverters.

Generally speaking, home systems are set up for single-phase AC power, and so require a single-phase inverter. On the other hand, larger and more powerful commercial and industrial setups should run on a three-phase inverter.

What system functionality do you want?

Finally, it’s important to consider your desired system functionality. SolarEdge’s products are designed to have a power optimizer on each solar panel, which then connects to a separate central inverter or string inverter.

This is a more affordable, but slightly less efficient alternative to installing microinverters on each panel. For more on the pros and cons between these different types of functionalities, take a look at our comparison of SolarEdge vs Enphase.

Final thoughts on SolarEdge

SolarEdge provides a range of high-quality, reliable, and efficient inverters and optimizers that allow you to get the most out of your solar system for a modest investment. They also offer the world’s first EV charger that lets you convert your solar power to AC current and charge your vehicle all with the same device.

Although slightly less efficient than microinverter systems, SolarEdge’s products come with a number of features and benefits to maximize the efficiency and safety of your system.

Want to learn more about installing a solar system in your home or business? Check out our guides to how much energy solar panels produce and ultimate guide to solar panel size.